基于气动热力模型的FADEC系统FHA方法

从适航规章对全权限数字发动机控制(full authority digital engine control,简称FADEC)系统的安全要求出发,结合功能危险分析(functional hazard assessment,简称FHA)的一般原则和FADEC系统的特点,得到了FADEC系统FHA的分析要素.根据分析要素中的工具与数据需求,将航空发动机气动热力模型用于可调放气活门(variable bleed valve,简称VBV)控制功能失效危险分析,结果表明:①该模型能够辅助确定FADEC系统功能失效的发动机影响;②FADEC系统功能危险的模型分析方法通过定量分析确定发动机影响的危险等级,为FHA提供直观的参考依据,可作为对专家经验的补充.      

大型水陆两栖飞机翼型优化设计

对大型水陆两栖飞机翼型进行了数值优化设计研究,通过以翼型设计升力系数下的阻力系数最小化为设计目标和以翼型低头力矩、最大升力系数、失速后升力系数下降率作为约束条件的大型水陆两栖飞机翼型优化设计,在满足翼型相对厚度、最大厚度位置、最大弯度、最大弯度位置符合相应设计范围的情况下,得到了综合性能较基本翼型提高的新翼型.该设计方法适用于大型水陆两栖飞机的翼型设计,是一种符合工程应用实际的数值优化设计方法.      

十字伞伞群的多节点静力学模型动力特性计算

为计算某型救灾专用空投系统十字伞伞群的气动特性,建立了多节点静力学模型来计算伞衣充满时的气动外形;对不同臂长比和伞绳比的十字伞进行数值模拟,并与文献中风洞实验结果对比验证;根据建立的模型得到十字伞伞群的气动外形并进行气动力特性研究.结果表明:计算结果和文献结果一致性较好,建立的多节点静力学模型合理可行;十字伞轴向力随臂长比和伞绳比的增大而增大;随攻角增大轴向力先减小后增大,而法向力则增大.建立的模型可用于伞群的气动外形计算,并为降落伞系统的设计提供参考.      

An alternative Shell inversion technique - Analysis and validation based on COSMIC and ionosonde data

Multi-channel Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier phase signals, received by the six low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellites from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) program, were used to undertake active limb sounding of the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere via radio occultation. In the ionospheric radio occultation (IRO) data processing, the standard Shell inversion technique (SIT), transformed from the traditional Abel inversion technique (AIT), is widely used, and can retrieve good electron density profiles. In this paper, an alternative SIT method is proposed. The comparison between different inversion techniques will be discussed, taking advantage of the availability of COSMIC datasets. Moreover, the occultation results obtained from the SIT and alternative SIT at 500 km and 800 km, are compared with ionosonde measurements. The electron densities from the alternative SIT show excellent consistency to those from the SIT, with strong correlations over 0.996 and 0.999 at altitudes of 500 km and 800 km, respectively, and the peak electron densities (N_mF₂) from the alternative SIT are equivalent to the SIT, with 0.839 vs. 0.844, and 0.907 vs. 0.909 correlation coefficients when comparing to those by the ionosondes. These results show that: (1) the N_mF₂ and h_mF₂ retrieved from the SIT and alternative SIT are highly consistent, and in a good agreement with those measured by ionosondes, (2) no matter which inversion technique is used, the occultation results at the higher orbits (∼800 km) are better than those at the lower orbits (∼500 km).     

苏联／俄罗斯数据中继卫星系统评述

在全面收集相关资料的基础上,对苏联／俄罗斯中继卫星系统发展历史和现状给出了较为准确和明晰的描述,并从专业的角度对卫星星座、轨道位置、有效载荷及平台特性、服务范围和在轨运营等重要内容作出了技术评论。其结果对评价我国在这一领域中的成就和研发下一代卫星均具有参考价值。     

Identifying areas of high economic-potential copper mineralization using ASTER data in the Urumieh–Dokhtar Volcanic Belt,Iran

This study investigates the application of spectral image processing methods to ASTER data for mapping hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper mineralization and related host rock. The study area is located in the southeastern segment of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Volcanic Belt of Iran. This area has been selected because it is a potential zone for exploration of new porphyry copper deposits. Spectral transform approaches, namely principal component analysis, band ratio and minimum noise fraction were used for mapping hydrothermally altered rocks and lithological units at regional scale. Spectral mapping methods, including spectral angle mapper, linear spectral unmixing, matched filtering and mixture tuned matched filtering were applied to differentiate hydrothermal alteration zones associated with porphyry copper mineralization such as phyllic, argillic and propylitic mineral assemblages.     

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

基于双二体模型的月球探测器返回轨道初步设计及特性分析

双二体模型是深空探测初步轨道设计普遍采用的假设.本文针对月球探测器从月球驻留轨道返回的任务,对直接返回型轨道和间接返回型轨道,建立了基于直观六参数的返回轨道模型.通过对直观六参数及出口点时刻这些可选参数的分析,得到了约束条件和可选参数的定性关系,易于搜索满足要求的返回轨道.最后针对两种返回轨道类型的算例表明该方法是有效的.     

Sensitivity Analysis for Safety Design Verification of General Aviation Reciprocating Aircraft Engine

This paper presents an application of global sensitivity analysis for system safety analysis of reciprocating aircraft engine. Compared with local sensitivity analysis results, global sensitivity analysis could provide more information on parameter interactions, which are significant in complex system safety analysis. First, a deterministic aviation reciprocating engine thermodynamics model is developed and parameters of interest are defined as random variables. Then, samples are generated by Monte Carlo method for the parameters used in engine model on the basis of definition of factor distribution. Eventually, results from engine model are generated and importance indices are calculated. Based on the analysis results, design is improved to satisfy the airworthiness requirements. The results reveal that by using global sensitivity analysis, the parameters could be ranked with respect to their importance, including first order indices and total sensitivity indices. By reducing the uncertainty of parameters and adjusting the range of inputs, safety criteria would be satisfied.     

驾驶员模型对驾驶员诱发振荡评估结果的影响

在飞机设计中,应用不同的驾驶员模型来预测驾驶员诱发振荡(PIO)是避免人机系统出现不良耦合的重要途径之一。以人-机闭环系统为研究对象,以某一电传飞机为例,采用Ⅱ型PIO的开环发生点OLOP评估准则,分别使用增益驾驶员模型和修正Neal-Smith驾驶员模型对人机闭环系统中的PIO易感性进行了分析、评估,对比研究了不同驾驶员模型对OLOP评估准则评估结果的影响。仿真结果表明:不同的驾驶员模型对Ⅱ型PIO评估准则(OLOP)的评估结果有较大的影响,相同驾驶员模型下不同的驾驶员增益对评估结果也有影响。在使用OLOP评估准则时应充分考虑驾驶员模型对评估结论的影响。