气体流场对C／C复合材料CVI致密化效果的影响

以丙烯为碳源气体,研究平板针刺预制体在不同倾斜角放置和不同进气方式条件下化学气相渗透（ CVI）工艺制备C／C复合材料的致密化效果。采用工业CT、浸泡介质法和偏光显微镜对沉积样品的密度分布、开孔孔隙率和织构分别进行表征。沉积102 h后,倾斜17°、前进气条件下试件的密度最高,达到1．45 g／cm－3。结果表明,试样由底端到顶端的密度是有小幅递增的,开孔孔隙率是逐渐减小的。4块试件热解炭的织构以光滑层为主,试样消光角的测量结果表明直立状态和倾斜17°、后进气状态热解炭织构取向度从底部到顶端有增大的趋势,这种织构的增长趋势与锥形回转体扩张段的材料设计相符合。     

充气式返回舱气动热特性研究

文章针对航天器返回实时性和经济性的需求,以充气式返回舱为研究对象,研究该飞行器从空间站返回过程中的气动特性,重点分析气动热特性。文章通过引入分子运动论、Kemp-Riddell方法、Linear桥函数等计算方法,建立起该飞行器在自由分子流区、过渡流区和连续流区高超声速情况下的表面热平衡方程,得出了该飞行器返回过程中的驻点热流密度和驻点壁面温度。计算分析了该飞行器最大直径D1和半锥角α等几何尺寸对其气动热特性的影响,得到在一定范围内增大D1和α可以有效减小驻点热流密度和驻点壁面温度,并研究在峰值加热高度附近70km、80km处不同马赫数下的气动热特性。在此基础上,依据热防护系统材料和布局,将气动加热计算的表面热流分布作为外壁边界条件,分析了结构材料层的温度变化特性。     

改善返回舱气动稳定特性数值计算研究

和第一宇宙速度载人再入飞行相比,以第二宇宙速度载人再入飞行对返回器的升阻比要求较高。文章给出了一种升阻比能够满足第二宇宙速度再入需求的返回器基本外形,分析了基本外形的气动性能以及质心位置对气动稳定特性的影响,结果表明基本外形在高超声速和亚声速下均存在第二静稳定配平点的问题。为了改善基本外形的气动稳定特性,文章提出了多种改进外形设计,包括增加稳定耳片、改变尾部外形设计等。通过数值模拟对这些改进外形的气动稳定性进行了分析,结果表明这些改进设计对于改善返回器的单点稳定特性是有效的。通过对流场特性的详细分析,对改进气动设计改善返回器稳定特性的机理进行了揭示和阐释。     

多尺度大视场十亿像素成像技术

十亿像素相机可以获取信息量较大的图像,在天文观测、航空航天遥感等领域具有广泛的应用前景。受探测器和光学设计水平的限制,传统的大视场十亿像素成像通过小视场相机扫描和图像拼接实现。为解决传统十亿像素相机实时性不高的问题,文章研究一种新型多尺度大视场十亿像素成像技术,从实现十亿像素成像的条件出发,阐述该技术的原理、优势及应用领域;分析系统独特的技术指标,包括物理锥角、重叠率等,梳理和归纳新型多尺度大视场十亿像素成像系统走向实用化过程中必须克服的关键技术。研究结果表明,该技术可在不提高系统复杂性的情况下大幅提高监视实时性。     

微小型双组元姿控发动机技术研究

高性能微小型液体双组元姿控发动机具有冲量小、响应快、质量轻、尺寸小等特点,可为微小卫星等航天器实现在轨精确姿态控制,延长在轨工作寿命以及轻小型化等方面的应用提供技术基础.本文以5N微小型双组元液体火箭发动机为例,从微小型喷注器设计、微小型阀门设计、微小尺寸构件成型技术、热相容设计等方面,详细介绍了上海空间推进研究所在微小型双组元发动机设计及制备方面取得的进展和成果,提出了该项目的后续研制计划.     

航天器多继电器线圈并联电路的可靠性研究

航天器配电系统中广泛采用多继电器线圈并联电路作为平台设备和负载的供电通路开关。文章从继电器互感效应入手,对多继电器线圈并联电路在指令发出、指令结束2 种工况下的电路可靠性进行了分析,结果表明目前常用的继电器线圈并联电路存在可靠性隐患。因此,针对隐患提出了在继电器线圈前串接二极管的电路可靠性优化方案。试验结果表明,优化后的电路形式可以有效提高电路的可靠性。     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

Optimization of geosynchronous satellite constellation for independent regional navigation and positioning in Middle East region

Regional Navigation and positioning systems using geosynchronous satellites are emerging for different parts of the world. Optimal constellation geometry achievement for a set of geosynchronous satellites is a key sector in designing of such systems. Genetic algorithm is applied for optimization of constellations with 6 and 7 satellites which is to be used in Middle East region where these systems have been deprived of. Based on the fact that the coverage criterion is not sufficient enough to guarantee a good navigation service, positioning process by the satellite systems is discussed and the performance of the system on the basis of position dilution of precision is collected as the fitness criterion. Placing the satellites in groups to pass over the same ground track is applied as a constraint to the genetic algorithm. By simulation, performance of the best obtained results and GPS are compared in terms of position dilution of precision, visibility and the required epochs (time span) to resolve the ambiguities with a 99% success rate, in this region. Also, capability of the GA for such problems is demonstrated.