压力振荡对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响

为了研究供应系统振荡对气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的影响,采用水和空气作为模拟介质,开展了室压条件下冷态喷雾试验。通过试验分析了供应系统有/无振荡两种情况下离心式喷嘴的喷雾形态,以及供应系统有/无振荡两种情况下气液同轴离心式喷嘴自激振荡的喷雾形态。发现当离心式喷嘴供应系统振荡时,离心式喷嘴产生的锥形液膜也周期性地振荡,同时出现Klystron效应。液膜周期性振荡以及Klystron效应出现的频率与供应系统振荡频率一致。Klystron效应的出现使得喷雾锥角突然减小,锥形液膜发生折叠。供应系统振荡对自激振荡喷雾形态也有显著影响。供应系统振荡引起的Klystron效应使得液膜锥角减小,从而造成"圣诞树"型自激振荡喷雾上的"树枝"增多,同时自激振荡频率增加。这是因为当速度大的液膜追上速度小的液膜时,就会产生Klystron效应并使液膜速度增加。而液膜运动速度越大自激振荡频率也就越大。虽然在供应系统中施加激励没有发生"锁频"现象,但是自激振荡的强度在一定程度上减弱,并且伴随着自激振荡的"分频"现象,即自激振荡频率从一个主频向两侧分化为两个主频。     

高温高速气流总焓接触测试法对比分析

发动机尾焰、燃烧加热、电弧加热器等高温高速气流总焓测量存在较大误差,采用结构优化的质量吸入水冷焓探针,标定后的驻点热流和驻点压力探针(Fay-Riddell公式法)对高温高速气流总焓进行了对比测试。结果表明:焓值为2.5~5 MJ/kg时,焓探针的测试误差约为3.38%,采用Fay-Riddell公式法获得焓值的误差约为3%。焓探针与Fay-Riddell公式法平均偏差约为4.65%。在地面模拟试验时采用两种测焓方法确定测试精度,对减小高温高速气流测焓误差,提高试验模拟精度具有积极的作用。     

不同环境因素对引压管腔动态特性影响

为了探索引压管腔在动态压力校准和使用中不同环境因素对动态特性的影响,推导了管腔传压模型和谐振频率关系式,确立了影响管腔动态特性的参数,包括静态压力、温度、气体介质等。采用引压管腔专用实验装置进行了不同环境参数状态的实验验证,结果表明:静态压力仅会影响管腔在谐振频率附近的输出,随着静态压力的增大而非线性增大,对动态特性并无明显改变;温度会改变管腔的谐振频率和动态特性,随着温度的升高,谐振频率增大但输出幅值随之减小;气体介质的不同会彻底改变管腔动态特性,主要取决于介质的声速。该研究为引压管腔在使用环境下数据的评价和数据修正上提供了一定参考依据。     

飞机燃油系统先进技术及流体交联解耦研究

文中主述飞机燃油系统由液压传动方式供输油取代现有的电动燃油泵供输油。对管内流体相互交联问题,提出了解决方法。发动机的状态不同,通过子程序能寻找任意位置涡流泵的压力P与流量Q的函数关系。新型燃油系统优点有：重量方面,采用数百克的涡流泵、引射泵取代约10 kg的电动燃油泵,飞机越大,燃油系统的重量减轻就越多;效能方面,现有燃油系统用电量占飞机用电量30%以上,新型燃油系统用电量约占飞机用电量的4.5%。求解方程时,先梳理方程式,尽量使矩阵主对角线元素占优;引入松驰因子wn,利于方程收敛;误差控制常数尽可能小。本课题以某歼击机燃油系统为模型,对其进行分析研究,经燃油系统地面模拟试验验证,研究获得成功。     

军用飞机使用维护危险分析方法研究

提出一种军用飞机使用维护危险分析方法,支撑国内军用飞机研制过程中安全性设计相关工作的开展。梳理使用维护危险分析与安全性、保障性其他分析工作的关系,明确使用维护危险分析工作输入、输出信息,以及工作界面。基于军用飞机使用维护作业特点,从人-机-环境的角度开展使用维护安全影响因素分析,识别军机使用维护作业过程中潜在的危险因素,及对于使用维护作业安全的影响。建立一种使用维护危险分析工具,并引入发生概率和严重性结合的安全性评价标准,提出使用维护风险评价方法,完善军用飞机使用维护危险分析评估体系。     

某型飞机空中受油管自动开锁故障分析

针对某型飞机空中受油管在收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁故障,对空中受油管液压收放系统、电路控制系统、收上位置钢珠锁工作原理进行分析,比对钢珠锁开锁压力理论计算和收放系统回油压力测试试验结果,找出空中受油管收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁原因,提出改进建议。     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.     

Assessment on critical technologies for conceptual design of blended-wing-body civil aircraft

Civil aviation faces great challenges because of its robust projected future growth and potential adverse environmental effects. The classical Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration following the Cayley's design principles has been optimized to the architecture's limit, which can hardly satisfy the further requirements on green aviation. By past decades' investigations the BlendedWing-Body(BWB) concept has emerged as a potential solution, which can simultaneously fulfill metrics of noise, emission and fuel burn. The purpose of the present work is to analyze the developments of critical technologies for BWB conceptual design from a historical perspective of technology progress. It was found that the high aerodynamic efficiency of BWB aircraft can be well scaled by the mean aerodynamic chord and wetted aspect ratio, and should be realized with the trade-offs among stability and control and low-speed performance. The structure concepts of non-cylinder pressurized cabin are of high risks on weight prediction and weight penalty. A static stability criterion is recommended and further clear and adequate criteria are required by the evaluations of flying and handling qualities. The difficulties of propulsion and airframe integration are analyzed. The energy to revenue work ratios of well-developed BWB configurations are compared,which are 31.5% and 40% better than that of TAW, using state-of-art engine technology and future engine technology, respectively. Finally, further study aspects are advocated.     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3RR-3RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3UU-3URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3UU-3URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3UU-3URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3UU-3URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3UU-3URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.