多级涡轮气动设计与优化的研究

为明确多级涡轮的设计方法与流程,缩短设计周期与减少设计过程中的盲目性,采用分层优化设计体系对某五级涡轮进行详细的气动设计,对设计体系中各部分的作用和设计方法及手段进行了一定的探索。根据分层优化设计体系规范,首先方案设计,即一维与S2设计,掌握该涡轮的设计特点。方案设计完成后,根据方案设计中确定的部分参数,最终采用以三维设计为主,综合考虑总体参数和沿叶高参数分布的设计思路,设计过程中应用了优化的方法对部分参数进行了优化设计,三维设计完成后对该涡轮进行了简单的非定常校核,并且计算了特性线,验证了其变工况性能。计算结果表明所设计的五级涡轮基本达到了设计要求。     

真空绝热板的研究进展

综述了真空绝热板(VIP)的超高效绝热性能,介绍了VIP的选材和研究现状,提出了存在问题及对VIP的应用进行了展望.     

考虑依赖性的多部件系统状态维修优化仿真建模

针对多部件系统状态维修决策建模存在的不足以及现有模型难以推广到实际应用的问题,提出考虑经济、结构和随机3种依赖性的多部件系统仿真建模和优化方法.首先,利用Gamma退化过程对部件退化进行描述,并给出模型参数估计方法.然后,结合多部件系统的维修作业流程、组成关系和故障历史等信息,分别提出经济依赖性强度矩阵、结构依赖性可达矩阵和随机依赖性概率矩阵对3种依赖性进行建模.最后,同时考虑部件级和系统级决策,构建多部件系统期望周期费用仿真模型,并针对该仿真模型特点,提出了用单纯形算法(NMA)改进的遗传算法(GA)优化求解的过程.某电传系统实例仿真结果表明:多部件系统的3类依赖关系对维修决策的影响不可忽略,考虑依赖性和成组维修的存在能够节省平均维修费用,且使得维修决策优化更加符合实际,验证了所建模型和优化方法的有效性.     

多层隔热结构研究进展

多层隔热(MLI)结构在高真空环境下具有极低热导率,主要用于太空环境下飞行器和大型燃料贮箱的隔热.本文对MLI结构的隔热原理、选材、制备工艺及应用等进行了综述,简要介绍了国内外MLI结构的研究进展和发展趋势,提出进一步改进MLI的性能是我国实现飞行器长期在轨运行和深空探测的重要研究方向.     

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

交流伺服系统中的电阻模糊观测器

直接力矩控制系统是继异步电动机矢量控制之后提出的又一新的交流伺服系统,在低速时,由于定子电阻Ｒ１的变化会严重影响运行性能。用模糊理论设计电阻模糊观测器,较精确地估计出运动时的Ｒ１值,从而为改善系统的低速运动性能提供了良好的条件     

不定线性系统的鲁棒故障检测

 <正> 1.引言 Beard等提出的检测滤波器是一种基于模型的故障检测与识别(FDI)方法,然而,检测滤波器要求精确地已知系统的动力学方程 X=AX+Bu,Y=CX (1) 其中,X∈R~n,Y∈R~m,u∈R~r分别为系统状态输出和控制;A、B、C为具有相应维数已知常阵。由于系统的复杂性以及系统外界干扰的不确定性,获取系统精确的数学模型非常困难。因此要解决的基本问题即考虑下列不定系统的故障检测     

A new method of single celestial-body sun positioning based on theory of mechanisms

Considering defects of current single celestial-body positioning methods such as discon-tinuity and long period, a new sun positioning algorithm is herein put forward. Instead of tradi-tional astronomical spherical trigonometry and celestial coordinate system, the proposed new positioning algorithm is built by theory of mechanisms. Based on previously derived solar vector equations (from a C1R2P2 series mechanism), a further global positioning method is developed by inverse kinematics. The longitude and latitude coordinates expressed by Greenwich mean time (GMT) and solar vector in local coordinate system are formulated. Meanwhile, elimination method of multiple solutions, errors of longitude and latitude calculation are given. In addition, this algo-rithm has been integrated successfully into a mobile phone application to visualize sun positioning process. Results of theoretical verification and smart phone’s test demonstrate the validity of pre-sented coordinate’s expressions. Precision is shown as equivalent to current works and is acceptable to civil aviation requirement. This new method solves long-period problem in sun sight running fix-ing and improves applicability of sun positioning. Its methodology can inspire development of new sun positioning device. It would be more applicable to be combined with inertial navigation systems for overcoming discontinuity of celestial navigation systems and accumulative errors of inertial nav-igation systems.     

Calculation of high-temperature insulation parameters and heat transfer behaviors of multilayer insulation by inverse problems method

In the present paper, a numerical model combining radiation and conduction for porous materials is developed based on the finite volume method. The model can be used to investigate high-temperature thermal insulations which are widely used in metallic thermal protection systems on reusable launch vehicles and high-temperature fuel cells. The effective thermal conductivities（ECTs） which are measured experimentally can hardly be used separately to analyze the heat transfer behaviors of conduction and radiation for high-temperature insulation. By fitting the effective thermal conductivities with experimental data, the equivalent radiation transmittance, absorptivity and reflectivity, as well as a linear function to describe the relationship between temperature and conductivity can be estimated by an inverse problems method. The deviation between the calculated and measured effective thermal conductivities is less than 4%. Using the material parameters so obtained for conduction and radiation, the heat transfer process in multilayer thermal insulation（MTI） is calculated and the deviation between the calculated and the measured transient temperatures at a certain depth in the multilayer thermal insulation is less than 6.5%.     

Fuzzy adaptive tracking control within the full envelope for an unmanned aerial vehicle

Motivated by the autopilot of an unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） with a wide flight envelope span experiencing large parametric variations in the presence of uncertainties, a fuzzy adaptive tracking controller（FATC） is proposed. The controller consists of a fuzzy baseline controller and an adaptive increment, and the main highlight is that the fuzzy baseline controller and adaptation laws are both based on the fuzzy multiple Lyapunov function approach, which helps to reduce the conservatism for the large envelope and guarantees satisfactory tracking performances with strong robustness simultaneously within the whole envelope. The constraint condition of the fuzzy baseline controller is provided in the form of linear matrix inequality（LMI）, and it specifies the satisfactory tracking performances in the absence of uncertainties. The adaptive increment ensures the uniformly ultimately bounded（UUB） predication errors to recover satisfactory responses in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results show that the proposed controller helps to achieve high-accuracy tracking of airspeed and altitude desirable commands with strong robustness to uncertainties throughout the entire flight envelope.