NOx emissions of turbofan powered unmanned aerial vehicle for complete flight cycle

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been getting more and more popular in both civil and military arena. Similar to manned aircraft, their propulsion systems or engines emit harmful gases such as nitrogen oxides. Since UAVs have different mission profiles and operational parameters than manned aircraft, it is worthy to investigate their NO_x emissions. Therefore, in this study, NO_x emissions of a turbofan powered UAV for complete flight cycle was calculated and optimized within a range of altitude and speed parameters. NO_x emissions were calculated based on ICAO ground test data and corrected to any speed and altitude during flight legs using both Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 and DLR Fuel Flow Method. Total NO_x emissions were calculated for complete flight cycles for different altitude and speed parameters. Numerical results were presented graphically and additionally optimization studies were conducted. Optimization studies include determination and comparison of speed and altitude for minimum NO_x emissions by the two fuel flow methods and maximum loiter time achievable by UAV.     

新一代航天电子系统现场总线及其应用

针对航天电子系统的特殊性，从航天电子系统现场总线技术的发展现状出发，结合现场总线技术的特点，分析了现场总线未来的发展方向。重点介绍了新一代航天电子系统现场总线——有限级联自动重构总线（FCARB）及其在某测量存储系统中的应用。测量存储系统可实现数据并发量10 M，时间同步精度750 ns，系统实时性260 ns。与传统的航天总线相比，新一代现场总线在自动重构、实时性、支持BIT模式、支持仪器总线等方面具有更高的性能，同时对用户更加友好，兼容性更强，能够适应高冲击、高动态等恶劣环境。     

焊缝补强方式对大直径贮箱箱底承载性能影响

基于有限元法研究了典型10 m级直径贮箱箱底焊缝在双面对称补强、内表面补强及外表面补强三种情况下的内压承载性能。数值计算采用二维对称平面模型,考虑了筒段和短壳真实边界条件及焊缝对承载能力的影响,构建的考虑材料塑性的非线性数值分析模型准确地获得了贮箱箱底内外表面经向应力。结果表明:顶盖和瓜瓣焊缝区域是箱底的薄弱位置,使用内压下,双面对称补强的加强区内外表面经向应力差较小,结构均未进入塑性,单面补强的加强区内外表面经向应力差远大于双面对称补强,局部进入塑性,且外表面补强的加强区最大和最小经向应力差相对于内表面补强分别增加了9.7%和27.2%,变形不协调；设计内压下,箱底内外表面均有局部进入塑性,材料塑性对内外表面经向应力差有一定的缓解作用,能够显著缓解内外表面应力差造成的附加弯矩；双面对称补强优于内表面补强,内表面补强优于外表面补强,单面补强易产生附加弯矩,不利于箱底的均匀承载和变形协调。该研究结果指导了大直径贮箱箱底结构的优化设计。     

基于随机网络演算的TTE网络时延分析

时间触发以太网(TTE)是一种新颖的混合型时间触发和事件触发的通信网络,通过引入时间触发(TT)流量,增强了航空电子全双工(AFDX)交换式以太网的确定性。虽然TT流量具有完全的时间确定性,但是与AFDX中虚拟链路(VL)兼容的速率约束(RC)流量仍具有一定非确定性。传统用于AFDX网络实时性能分析的方法在考虑TT流量固定分区调度时隙的影响下已不再适用,为了保障RC流量的实时性能,分别提出了基于确定性网络演算和随机网络演算两种延迟分析模型。在确定性网络演算下,通过构造TT流量的聚合到达曲线和RC流量的服务曲线以得到RC的确定性延迟上界;在随机网络演算下,通过切诺夫(Chernoff)边界定理构造RC流量的两状态伯努利分布模型,得到概率保证下的延迟上界。对比实验结果表明:随机网络演算模型可以有效减小确定性网络演算模型对RC流量性能分析的悲观性,同时从一定程度上验证了两种理论分析模型的正确性。     

基于功率裕度的某型发动机全寿命性能研究

随着使用时间不断增加,研究飞行队所有选装ARRIEL2S系列发动机全寿命性能变化趋势的必要性突显.针对SRRIEL2S系列发动机全寿命性能参数变化特点,提出使用基于可几误差舍弃理论处理发动机功率校验数据,分区间描绘该系发动机全寿命性能指标变化趋势,给出该系发动机全寿命性能特点,为机务工程人员监控该系发动机提供有利依据；提出延长功率校验间隔的假设,并在理论上做了充分论证,为节约该系发动机运行成本提供一个明确及可行的方向.     

中介机构参与预算绩效评价问题研究——基于财政部门的问卷调查

推进中介机构参与预算绩效评价是我国预算绩效管理的重点内容,基于财政部门的问卷调查表明：该项工作尚处于起步阶段,需要财政部门、中介行业组织和中介机构等方面协同配合,通过完善评价规范,合理设计委托代理与付费机制,加强中介机构能力培育与资格管理,落实结果应用等促进中介机构参与预算绩效评价.     

Robust control for an unmanned helicopter with constrained flapping dynamics

In this paper, a neural network based adaptive prescribed performance control scheme is proposed for the altitude and attitude tracking system of the unmanned helicopter in the presence of state and output constraints. For handling the state constraints, the barrier Lyapunov function and the saturation function are employed. And, the prescribed performance method is used to deal with the flapping angle constraints for the unmanned helicopter. It is proved that the proposed control approach can ensure that all the signals of the resulting closed-loop system are bounded, and the tracking errors are within the prescribed performance bounds for all time. The numerical simulation is given to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme.     

Period selection for integrated controller tasks in cyber-physical systems

Performance optimization of cyber-physical systems(CPS)calls for co-design strategies that handle the issues in both computing domain and physical domain.Periods of controller tasks integrated into a uniprocessor system are related to both control performance and real-time schedulability analysis simultaneously.System performance improvement can be achieved by optimizing the periods of controller tasks.This paper extends an existing model to select task periods in real-time for CPS with fixed priority controller tasks scheduled by rate-monotonic algorithm.When all the tasks can be integrated,the analytic solution of the problem is derived by using the method of Lagrange multipliers and gradient descent method is evaluated to be suitable online.To further deal with the condition that the system is overloaded,an integrated method is proposed to select periods of tasks online by selecting a subset of tasks first and then optimizing the periods for them.Experimental results demonstrate that our method yields near-optimal result with a short running time.     

低雷诺数下高负荷轴流压气机表面粗糙度流动调控机制

以某1.5级高负荷轴流压气机为研究对象,采用经过校核的数值模拟手段详细探究了低雷诺数下表面粗糙度对其气动性能及内部流场的影响.结果表明:相比于光滑叶片,表面粗糙度为137.8时压气机性能提升最为明显,总压比、堵塞流量以及峰值效率分别提升4.01％、2.24％、5.34％.在整个表面粗糙度大小范围内,表面粗糙度布置在吸力...     

带侧向膨胀的三维非对称喷管设计和性能分析

针对带侧向膨胀的三维矩形截面非对称喷管,提出了一种基于准二维特征线法的喷管设计方法,获得了基于准二维特征线法的非对称喷管设计程序.然后,根据给定的几种侧向膨胀规律,通过该设计方法获得了相应的非对称喷管构型,并将该构型与通过优化算法获得的最优构型进行了比较,结果表明:两种方法所设计的非对称喷管的上、下壁面型面基本重合,喷管壁面压力分布趋势基本一致,验证了准二维特征线法的可靠性.与最优构型的性能相比,该方法所设计的喷管构型,推力偏差低于0.60%,升力偏差低于8.07%,且该设计法将设计耗时由30.5h减少到2h,可方便地应用到带侧向膨胀喷管的初期设计中.