航空延误险的分析与优化

市场上现有的航空延误险不能很好地被乘客普遍接受。本文从各个方面分析其原因,将航空延误险分类,针对不同的航空延误险分别提出了优化方案。此外,通过调查确定其可行性,可以很好地提高航空延误险的市场接受率,避免航班延误后乘客和航空公司之间发生严重的矛盾。     

航空公司短期航班计划编排模型及算法

航班计划编排的实质是对航空公司各种生产要素的优化配置,其优化程度直接影响航空 公司市场竞争能力。目前,航空公司在编排短期航班计划时过多地考虑了市场竞争,而忽略 了航班延误。文中兼顾市场竞争与航班延误控制,将航班延误控制纳入短期航班计划的编排 过程中。通过分析独立延误与波及延误特点,建立基于延误控制的短期航班计划编排模 型,并采用贪婪随机自适应搜索过程(Greedy randomized adaptive search procedure,GRA SP)算法对模型进行求解。最后,通过实例分析验证了所提方法的有效性。     

高轨飞行器主动段双向测控陆基导航方案

高轨飞行器主动段飞行过程中,倒置GPS导航等传统陆基导航方案存在资源需求高、导航精度差等问题.研究了地天地双向测控(TT&C)陆基导航方案和天地天双向测控陆基导航方案,建立了时序分析模型,阐述了天地天双向测控陆基导航方案的定位数据使用延迟约为地天地双向测控陆基导航方案的1/2.通过理论分析推导和仿真验证,对比了不同陆基...     

装备时延校准及监控技术研究CSCD

装备时延校准误差是靶场测控系统中事件记录和交会定位的重要误差因素,其精确校准是实现装备时间同步的关键技术。针对装备时延问题展开研究,提出了一种物理含义清晰、易于测量的装备时延定义,实现了离散站点装备时延校准,验证了基于改进型B码的装备时延校准监控的有效性。试验结果表明,时延校准的精度达到了十微秒量级。     

Improving the estimation of zenith dry tropospheric delays using regional surface meteorological data

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are emerging as possible tools for remote sensing high-resolution atmospheric water vapour that improves weather forecasting through numerical weather prediction models. Nowadays, the GNSS-derived tropospheric zenith total delay (ZTD), comprising zenith dry delay (ZDD) and zenith wet delay (ZWD), is achievable with sub-centimetre accuracy. However, if no representative near-site meteorological information is available, the quality of the ZDD derived from tropospheric models is degraded, leading to inaccurate estimation of the water vapour component ZWD as difference between ZTD and ZDD. On the basis of freely accessible regional surface meteorological data, this paper proposes a height-dependent linear correction model for a priori ZDD. By applying the ordinary least-squares estimation (OLSE), bootstrapping (BOOT), and leave-one-out cross-validation (CROS) methods, the model parameters are estimated and analysed with respect to outlier detection. The model validation is carried out using GNSS stations with near-site meteorological measurements. The results verify the efficiency of the proposed ZDD correction model, showing a significant reduction in the mean bias from several centimetres to about 5 mm. The OLSE method enables a fast computation, while the CROS procedure allows for outlier detection. All the three methods produce consistent results after outlier elimination, which improves the regression quality by about 20% and the model accuracy by up to 30%.     

The update of BDS-2 TGD and its impact on positioning

Timing group delay (TGD) is an important parameter that affects the positioning performance of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) broadcasts TGD corrections from B3I frequency to B1I and B2I frequencies, namely TGD₁ and TGD₂. On July 21, 2017, BDS updated TGD values with a maximum change of more than 4 ns. In this contribution, we explain the motivation for the BDS TGD update, which is due to the systematic bias between narrowly correlated and widely correlated pseudo-ranges in BDS monitoring receivers. To investigate the impact of the updated TGD, BDS signal-in-space range error (SISRE) and user positioning performance regarding single point positioning (SPP) and precise point positioning (PPP) are analyzed. Results show that after the update of TGD, the difference between the new TGD and multi-GNSS experiment (MGEX) differential code bias (DCB) decreases from 1.38 ns to 0.29 ns on TGD₁ and from 0.40 ns to 0.25 ns on TGD₂. With the contribution of more accurate TGD, the systematic bias of BDS radial SISRE no longer exists, and the overall BDS SISRE also reduces from 1.33 m to 0.87 m on B1I/B2I frequency, from 1.05 m to 0.89 m on B1I frequency, from 0.92 m to 0.91 m on B2I frequency, respectively, which proves the similar precision of BDS TGD and MGEX DCB. One week of statistical results from 28 globally distributed MGEX stations shows that the SPP performance improves on non-B3I frequencies after the TGD update, with a maximum improvement of more than 22% for the B1I/B2I or B1I/B3I combination. The new TGD mainly reduces SPP positioning bias in the East component. The updated TGD also slightly improves the PPP convergence performance for the B1I/B3I combination, but mostly contributes to a more accurate estimation of the receiver clock and ambiguities.     

语言输入输出理论在职业英语教学中的应用

从语言输入与输出理论的角度出发,探析造成职业英语教学失误的原因,提出在英语教学中,语言的输入与输出存在严重失衡的问题,尤其是学习者在实践环节的练习相当缺乏。因此认为教学改革要从改变传统的教学手段、教学模式出发,提高输入质量,重视输出效果,使输入与输出平衡发展,相得益彰,注重培养学习者的语言交际能力,是提高英语教学效果的保证。     

直流滑动弧等离子体点火器特性的实验研究

为了探究直流滑动弧放电应用于航空发动机燃烧室内点火的性能特点,设计了直流滑动弧等离子体点火器,在模型燃烧室内进行了煤油/空气混合气的点火实验,利用高速相机记录了滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧产生和滑动过程以及燃烧室内煤油/空气混合气的点火和火焰发展过程,研究了不同空气工作介质流量、驱动电源输出电流、点火器电极夹角和点火器安装位置等因素对滑动弧等离子体点火器点火特性的影响。结果表明:滑动弧在运动过程中会产生不规则的跳动,并且存在着电弧分流的现象,导致电弧长度发生变化;在湍流的作用下,初始火核会演变为分裂的、大面积的湍流火焰,着火面积不断增大,最终在t=21ms时形成稳定燃烧;随着空气工作介质流量增大、驱动电源输出电流减小以及点火器的安装位置远离燃油雾化喷嘴,滑动弧等离子体点火器的电弧长度减小,点火延迟时间逐渐增长,例如余气系数α=8时,I=30A下电弧长度为47.1mm,相比I=20A增长了75.1%,点火延迟时间为21ms,相比I=20A缩短了40%;而随着点火器电极夹角的增大,电弧长度先增大后减小,点火延迟时间则先减小后增长,在电极夹角θ=45°时,电弧长度最长,点火延迟时间最短,分别为30.5mm和12ms。     

分布式控制系统稳定性分析及控制器设计

针对存在总线通信时延和掉包的航空发动机分布式控制系统,分别进行了时延和掉包情况下的系统建模和稳定性分析;利用增广离散化方法将时延系统转化为增广无时延模型,利用迭代方法将数据掉包建模为一定掉包界内的切换系统;分别提出时延和掉包条件下系统的稳定性条件,并通过求解线性矩阵不等式确定系统输出反馈控制增益;最后比较了基于保持输入和重构增益的2种掉包补偿措施。研究结果表明:采用基于时延的反馈控制增益设计和重构增益掉包补偿措施,可以保证分布式发动机控制系统的稳定性并获得最佳性能。