Klobuchar模型的实用分析与改进

电离层延迟误差是无线电信号传播中不可忽视的误差源.GPS特许用户利用双频接收机的双频观测值直接对电离层延迟进行实时测定,其所得结果精度很高.多数普通用户所使用的单频接收机依靠电离层模型对其进行误差修正,效果不很理想.本文通过WUHN观测站双频接收机10天的实测数据对GPS广播星历采用的Klobuchar模型进行了验证,其结果与前人论述相一致.此外,经由反映太阳活动强度的太阳相对黑子数对Klobuchar模型提出了新的改进方法.实验数据结果表明,该方法对此模型修正效果有大幅提升,对原模型修正效果>50%的修正率由60%左右提升至85%以上,>80%的修正率由10%左右提升至40%以上.在实际应用中单频接收机用户可以参考本文改进方法对Klobuchar模型进行修正.     

大气延迟误差对InSAR数据处理影响的定量分析

从重复轨道InSAR测量基本原理出发, 详细给出了相位测量误差对InSAR测高、 双轨法D-InSAR形变测量、三轨法D-InSAR形变测量、四轨法D-InSAR形变测量影响的近似关系式以及大气延迟误差对相位测量影响的近似关系式; 以此为基础分别推导出了大气延迟误差对InSAR测高、双轨法D-InSAR形变测量、三轨法D-InSAR形变测量和四轨法D-InSAR形变测量影响的近似关系式, 同时以ERS-1星载系统为例进行模拟实验, 分析讨论了大气延迟误差对InSAR测高、双轨法D-InSAR形变测量、三轨法D-InSAR形变测量以及四轨法D-InSAR形变测量的影响, 从而得出了大气延迟误差对InSAR数据处理影响的结论.     

北斗系统UERE及定位精度评估

用户测距误差（URE）与用户设备误差（UEE）是影响定位精度的主要因素.民航是北斗系统的高端用户,监测其对民航机场的覆盖性和服务性能十分必要.本文根据华东、华南、华北、西北地区4个民航机场观测站的北斗实测数据,分析了各机场卫星的可见性.根据URE的解算方法、电离层修正模型、对流层修正模型以及定位精度的评估方法,给出了对应的性能评估结果.研究发现：可见星数均在6～14颗,满足定位要求; 95%置信度下,电离层延迟优于7.50m,对流层延迟优于13.28m,地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）、倾斜地球同步轨道卫星（IGSO）、中圆轨道卫星（MEO）卫星的URE值分别优于2.36m,1.72m,2.59m,满足北斗规范的要求;95%置信度下,定位精度水平方向优于3.63m,垂直方向优于6.98m.结果表明北斗系统在民航机场监测站的覆盖性及服务性能良好.     

卫星VLBI观测时延和相位条纹旋转模型研究

空间卫星在绕地球或月球等星体运行时,为了跟踪和控制卫星就要时刻掌握其在空间的位置和运动状态.但由于地球的自转和公转使得卫星和地球之间的相对运动描述关系变得复杂,目标卫星相对地球任意两个观测站的时间差(时延)和多普勒频移(相关条纹旋转)时刻都在改变.VLBI相关处理机是卫星观测和空间探测极为重要的技术手段,其原理以FX和XF两种相关模型处理观测数据.以FX相关模型为基础修正VLBI观测数据的时延补偿和相关条纹旋转的模型,提出对称"1/n Multiplier"时延补偿模型和条纹旋转模型,并且对实际观测数据进行操作和详细分析,对相关相位谱的剩余时延变化趋势和方差分布进行分析,从中找出优选时延补偿和条纹旋转模型.对于精确描述卫星轨道运动状态提供更准确的方法.     

激光与热丝点火对多组分液滴着火及燃烧的影响

采用挂滴方法,实验研究多组分单液滴的着火和燃烧特性,考察激光和热丝两种点火方式对液滴燃烧速率、火焰形貌及着火延迟时间的影响.实验结果表明,随着热丝点火时间增加,燃烧速率因液滴周围自然对流增强而加快.常重力下液滴火焰为包覆型火焰,火焰高度与液滴初始直径之比的最大值约为18.当t/t_b>0.4时,尚处于热丝加热阶段的火焰高度比没有热丝加热的高约5D₀,比激光关闭后的火焰高度高5~10D₀.与热丝点火相比,激光点火响应迅速,对液滴附近气体干扰小,是地面上比较理想的点火方式.固定激光脉冲时间,随着激光强度的增加,单液滴的着火延迟时间缩短.     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

数据融合的对流层天顶延迟估计方法

为提高对流层天顶延迟(Zenith tropospheric delay，ZTD)的估计性能，提出了基于数据融合的ZTD估计方法。估计干延迟采用Saastamoinen模型，估计湿延迟采用Askne模型，地表气象测量设备提供给两模型所需的气压、温度以及水汽压，Askne模型所需的加权温度、温度变化率和湿度变化率由全球气压和温度2w(Global pressure and temperature 2w，GPT2w)模型提供。当气象测量设备不可用时，上述所有气象参数均来自于GPT2w模型。利用国际GPS服务(International GPS service, IGS)提供的数据进行验证，结果表明：当地表测量设备存在时，所提方法较Saastamoinen模型提高了8mm；当全部气象参数来自GPT2w时，本方法较GPT2w+Saastamoinen模型提高了8.1mm；对于季节分明的测站，误差趋势同样具备季节性；对于海拔高和气候干燥的的测站，估计误差较小。     

State estimate for stochastic systems with dual unknown interference inputs

Stochastic system state estimation subject to the unknown interference input widely exists in many fields, such as the control, communication, signal processing, and fault diagnosis. However, the research results are mostly limited to the stochastic system in which only the dynamic state model or the measurement model concerns the individual unknown interference input, and the state model and the measurement model are both with the same unknown interference input. State estimate of the stochastic systems where the state model and the measurement model contain dual Unknown Interference inputs (dual-UI) with different physical meanings and mathematical definitions is concerned here. Firstly, the decoupling condition with the Unknown Interference input in the State model (S-UI) is shown, which introduces the decoupled system with the adjacent Measurement concerned Unknown Interference inputs (M-UI) appearing in the state model and the measurement model. Then, through defining the Differential term of the adjacent M-UI (M-UID), the equivalent system with only M-UID in the state model is obtained. Finally, considering the design freedom of the equivalent system, the decoupling filter in the minimum mean square error sense and the adaptive minimum upper filter with different applicable conditions are represented to obtain the optimal and sub-optimal state estimate, respectively. Two simulation cases verify the effectiveness and superiority compared with the traditional methods.     

中继卫星系统仿真软件设计与应用*

设计开发中继卫星系统仿真软件,并针对理想信道条件、I/Q幅相不平衡、幅频特性、群时延、相位噪声、功放饱和条件、非线性信道条件这七种信道,仿真16QAM和16APSK的误码率性能,并对仿真结果进行分析。利用仿真平台得出的非线性信道条件下误码率需求与所需信噪比之间的关系,可以作为完善系统技术指标的重要依据,为中继卫星系统后续建设和应用提供重要参考。     

基于终端滑模的无人机编队协同控制

文章研究了具有输入受限及外部干扰的无人机编队有限时间协同控制问题。首先,引入抗饱和辅助系统来解决执行器的饱和问题,利用自适应方法对扰动上界进行估计和补偿;然后,设计新型全局快速终端滑模的控制器,使得编队内各无人机在有限时间内收敛到指定的编队位置,并通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法,证明控制方法的有效性;最后,对提出的控制方法进行数字仿真,验证了实际可行性。