某 Bump 进气道流动控制计算研究

以某 Bump(凸包)进气道为研究对象,采用 CFD 数值模拟技术对其内、外流场进行计算,重点研究超声速来流马赫数 M∞=1.60下进气道气动、流场特性;根据进气道内、外流场特点,分别设计机身棱线涡扰流片、进气道抽吸及射流流动控制装置,目的在于提高飞机 M∞=1.60来流、进/发匹配点条件下进气道总压恢复、降低出口流场畸变;采用 CFD 技术对各流动控制装置效能进行计算,基于计算结果,对各流动控制装置效能及典型装置流动控制机理进行了分析。研究表明,M∞=1.60来流、负迎角下,扰流片作用不明显;采用进气道抽吸或射流控制措施,对提高进气道总压恢复有效。研究结果可为类似 F-35那样的隐身战机 Bump 进气道流动控制或工程发展提供一定的技术参考。     

分布式边界层吸入推进系统的建模与分析

机体后部边界层吸入技术可显著改善飞机的燃油经济性,但目前尚未建立推进系统设计与分析方法。针对类似N3-X飞机的分布式边界层吸入推进系统,采用基于边界层积分方程的数值分析方法,引入功推比参数,详细分析边界层状态和推进系统参数对系统性能的影响,从而为推进系统设计提供理论和数据支撑。通过基准状态与N3-X的对比,验证了计算方法的可靠性。分析表明,当吸入边界层占比为50%左右时推进系统能耗可降低4%,边界层形状因子越小或者动量厚度越大,能耗降低越多;进气道扩张比对功推比的影响不大;随着进气道入口马赫数增大、风扇压比降低、风扇效率增大、风扇损失降低或者喷流速度降低,功推比都会下降。     

一种航空发动机全状态性能模型

采用基于脊背特性的压气机和涡轮部件性能的参数表示方法建立了航空燃气涡轮发动机全状态性能仿真计算模型.使用该模型对某单轴涡喷发动机的地面节流特性进行了计算模拟,并且与传统的发动机性能模型的计算结果进行了对比.结果表明:主要截面参数的平均相对误差不超过07%,说明该模型在慢车以上转速与传统模型具有相同的计算精度.使用该模型同时对该单轴涡喷发动机的空中风车状态、地面起动加速的全过程、以及减速全过程进行了数值模拟,验证了该模型的全状态性能仿真能力,计算结果定性地符合发动机在各个不同工作状态的物理特征及变化趋势.      

航空发动机进口支板外部热气膜对水滴撞击特性的影响

设计了4种不同气膜缝角度的防护结构,发展并验证了基于欧拉法框架的水滴撞击算法,针对直径为20μm的过冷小水滴,定量分析了气膜缝角度和吹风比对支板壁面水滴撞击特性的影响规律.研究结果表明,外部热气膜射流对水滴有明显吹袭作用,导致壁面平均局部水收集系数和撞击极限减小,而且气膜缝开孔位置越靠近支板前缘,吹袭水滴效果越明显.4种结构的平均局部水收集系数与无气膜缝结构相比分别下降了82%,8%,1%和0.5%.此外,吹风比增大会导致前缘最大局部水收集系数和撞击极限的减小变明显,尤其是气膜缝角度为5°结构的水滴撞击特性受吹风比影响最显著.前缘区域局部水收集系数呈现了相似的分布规律;支板后部区域,当吹风比增大到一定程度时,水滴被完全吹除.      

轴向入射激波反射聚焦的实验和数值模拟

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机凹腔入口宽度对第2级凹腔中激波聚焦过程的影响,设计轴向入射激波聚焦的实验系统,对不同入口宽度下激波反射聚焦的过程进行了实验和数值模拟。采用纹影系统拍摄凹腔中的流场结构,并测量了凹腔顶点处的动态压力。采用保持强稳定性（SSP）的Runge Kutta格式、weighed essential non oscillation（WENO)格式和块结构网格自适应加密（SAMR）算法对激波反射、衍射和聚焦的过程进行了数值模拟,数值模拟结果和实验吻合较好。通过分析比较相同马赫数激波通过不同宽度凹腔的反射聚焦过程,发现较小宽度凹腔入口下激波反射和聚焦较强,顶点的压力峰值较高,激波聚焦诱导的射流较强。      

来流条件对SFRJ燃速及自持燃烧性能的影响

为了研究来流条件对固体燃料燃速以及自持燃烧性能的影响规律,采用3阶单调迎风格式(MUSCL)重构方法,AUSMPW⁺通量分裂格式,k-w剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模型,7组分3反应有限速率化学反应模型以及2阶矩湍流燃烧模型,编制了二维轴对称湍流燃烧仿真程序。仿真结果显示:来流质量流率和总温的增加会提高燃速,温度和质量通量的影响指数大约为0.95~1.00和0.67;来流条件影响燃速的主要机理是壁面附近温度和湍流黏性的变化,其中湍流黏性是主要影响因素;随着质量流率的增加,特征速度逐渐降低,当入口马赫数接近1时,特征速度大约为850 m/s,固体燃料将无法自持燃烧。     

Tomography-like flow visualization of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet

The flow field in a typical inward-turning inlet was visualized using the Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal Mach number of 6. The opaque inlet, which is truncated at a series of sections, and the following transparent isolator, are combined to enable the optical access at different streamwise locations. The sequential PLS images provide a tomography-like flow visualization, which confirm the existence of streamwise Counter-rotating Vortex Pairs (CVPs) in both external and internal flow field of the inlet. Generation mechanisms of these CVPs are unraveled with the help of a numerical simulation, among which the cowl notch plays an important role in the generation of surface trailing CVPs along the centerline of the cowl. Moreover, the cowl shock sweeps the internal boundary layer towards the body side, which ultimately accumulates low-momentum flow on the body side in forms of a large CVP propagating downstream through the isolator. The CVPs formed in the shape-transition are responsible for the nonuniform flow field of the inward-turning inlet. This study indicates that the V-shaped cowl notch affects the downstream flow significantly and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly in practical applications.     

A theoretical and 1-D numerical investigation on a valve/valveless air-breathing pulse detonation engine

The important operating characteristics of pulsed Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) propulsion are the pressure gain of the combustor component and the propulsive performance gain of the engine. A ramjet-type valve/valveless air-breathing pulsed detonation engine with a supersonic internal compression inlet is investigated. Based on an ideal thermal cycle, the ideal equivalent pressure ratios (π_cb) of the Pulsed Detonation Combustor (PDC) are obtained theoretically which are directly related with the propulsive performance of the engine. By introducing an orifice loss model into the cycles, the critical pressure drop ratios through the orifice for the PDC achieving pressure gain and the engine achieving thrust gain are studied. More influencing factors are investigated by the use of a one-dimensional (1-D) numerical simulation model. The operating characteristics of the pulse detonation engine are investigated with changes of the valve type, the inlet/outlet area ratio of the PDC, the nozzle area ratio, and flight conditions. All these factors can affect π_cb of the PDC, and π_cb can be optimized by changing the geometry of the engine. The most important influence parameter is the valve type. When using an orifice-type aerodynamic valve, simulation results show that the PDC cannot achieve the pressure gain characteristics. When a supersonic internal compression inlet is introduced to the engine, whether the Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) can achieve thrust gain comparable with that of an ideal Brayton cycle engine not only is related to the pressure gain of the combustor, but also needs to optimize the engine structure to reduce the total pressure loss.     

非均匀超声速二维进气道绕流研究

本文通过数值分析和风洞实验,在马赫数５．３的非均匀来流条件下,研究改变二元内外压四波系进气道第一压缩而的型面设计,对进气道总体性能的影响。研究结果表明,与双平面斜楔的内外压四波系基准进气道相比,在非均匀来流中,采用小进口角,大出口角凹型面作为第一压缩面的进气道,其喉道截面总压恢复要高０．０１～０．０２４。总压畸变平均低１０％左右,证明调整第一压缩面型面是改善这类工作在前体边界层内的进气道性能的有效     

进气道结构完整性评定技术研究

进气道结构完整性评定是飞机结构平台研制关键技术,确保整个寿命期的飞机安全。介绍了先进歼击机进气道结构及载荷特点。研究了进气道结构完整性评定的两项关键技术:即基于结构几何非线性数值分析的结构总体和细节参数的确定技术和声疲劳试验件的设计及声载荷谱的制定技术。提出了技术解决方案并给出了成功应用实例。