Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

Aerodynamic optimization design for high pressure turbines based on the adjoint approach

A first study on the continuous adjoint formulation for aerodynamic optimization design of high pressure turbines based on S2surface governed by the Euler equations with source terms is presented.The objective function is defined as an integral function along the boundaries,and the adjoint equations and the boundary conditions are derived by introducing the adjoint variable vectors.The gradient expression of the objective function then includes only the terms related to physical shape variations.The numerical solution of the adjoint equation is conducted by a finitedifference method with the Jameson spatial scheme employing the first and the third order dissipative fluxes.A gradient-based aerodynamic optimization system is established by integrating the blade stagger angles,the stacking lines and the passage perturbation parameterization with the quasi-Newton method of Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno(BFGS).The application of the continuous adjoint method is validated through a single stage high pressure turbine optimization case.The adiabatic efficiency increases from 0.8875 to 0.8931,whilst the mass flow rate and the pressure ratio remain almost unchanged.The optimization design is shown to reduce the passage vortex loss as well as the mixing loss due to the cooling air injection.     

周向总压畸变对对转压气机影响效应分析

以对转压气机为研究对象,在数值方法校验的基础上,应用全通道定常流场分析手段计算了对转压气机不同周向畸变条件下的三维流场,获取了周向总压进气畸变对该压气机性能以及流场结构的影响效应,确定了对转压气机的临界畸变角,分析了不同畸变强度对压气机性能的影响规律,探讨了周向总压畸变在对转压气机中的发展演化过程。结果表明:(a)所研究的对转压气机临界畸变角约为72°,略高于传统动-静叶排交替的压气机临界畸变角;(b)相比均匀进气工况,当畸变指数为0.24时,对转压气机失速点压比和失速裕度分别下降3%和9.6%,当畸变指数为0.5时二者分别下降8.3%和19.8%;(c)未畸变区与畸变区流体之间存在的压力梯度影响转子叶片相对来流速度。进入畸变区叶片来流相对速度减小,负荷降低,退出畸变区叶片来流相对速度增大,负荷增大;(d)上游转子使得畸变水平提高,下游转子反向旋转效应抑制了来流相对速度变化趋势,增强了气流在其叶片通道中的掺混,使得畸变水平有所下降。     

载人航天器空气环境参数控制非定常仿真分析

为支持乘员在轨驻留,载人航天器需通过空气环境控制系统将众多设计参数和空气环境参数控制在指标范围内。文章建立了一种载人航天器空气环境非定常控制仿真分析模型,包括舱体模块、航天员模块、舱压控制模块、温湿度控制模块以及CO2净化模块。利用该模型分析了载人航天器空气环境参数随乘员代谢水平的非定常变化趋势,并评估了控制系统的工作性能。结果表明:乘员代谢水平变化对空气环境参数有显著影响,通过调节控制系统运行参数可将各空气参数控制在有效指标范围内。人区温度与O2分压、CO2分压和人区湿度有密切的影响关系,不可孤立地进行分析。为载人航天器空气环境参数控制系统的设计和流程改进提供了依据。     

弹射筒内筒组件钢球收压及检测工艺

本文对航空火箭弹射座椅弹射筒内筒钢球收压技术要求、难点进行了工艺分析;介绍了钢球收压工艺技术难点、检测方法及注意事项等,在工艺技术研究及设计过程中取得了一定的技术积累,具有良好的借鉴、推广应用意义。     

三维内转式进气道对双旁进气飞行器力矩特性的影响分析

为了研究三维内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响规律,对一系列设计状态为Ma=6.5的内转式进气道展开力矩特性研究。对不同布局形式,进气形式以及基准流场中心体的内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响展开分析研究。研究结果表明,对于内转式进气道而言,有连接板的水滴型进气道双侧布局力矩特性较优,且容易满足飞行器总体需求;布局形式对进气道的力矩特性影响最显著,进气形式对侧滑力矩的影响比基准流场中心体影响更明显,而抬头力矩和滚转力矩受基准流场中心体影响更加突出;中心体在0~0.1Rs(Rs为基准流场入口半径)变化时,抬头力矩变化不大,而在0.1~0.2Rs抬头力矩变化明显。     

椭圆形切扇修形对波瓣混合器掺混性能影响

在保证面积不变的情况下,选取不同的长轴、短轴,对波瓣混合器进行椭圆形切扇修形,研究切口深度与宽度对波瓣混合器掺混性能的影响规律。使用商用 CFD 软件对流场进行数值模拟。结果显示,对波瓣侧壁进行切扇处理会加强流向涡的强度,切扇越深,流向涡强度越大;切扇波瓣流向涡的耗散速率要大于基准波瓣混合器的流向涡耗散速率,预示着更为高效的掺混;引射系数与切口深度成正比,而总压恢复系数与切口深度成反比。考察了两种衡量热混合效率的模型并对其信度进行了比较,发现在 x =0.4 m 之前切扇可以提高热混合效率,而在 x =0.4 m 之后,基准波瓣混合器热混合效率要大于切扇波瓣混合器。     

基于某型发动机发展 STOVL 动力性能方案研究

短距起飞/垂直降落（STOVL）飞机由于其优越的作战性能,受到了世界航空大国的高度重视。通过借鉴目前最先进的 STOVL 动力 F135- PW -600发动机技术发展思路,研究了基于国内某型发动机改 STOVL 动力方案时,主发动机与升力风扇之间的匹配和约束关系。研究结果表明：随着升力风扇压比和流量的增加,主发动机升力减小,升力风扇升力增加;同一主发动机状态下,升力风扇流量越大,发动机前后升力平衡的升力风扇压比越小,总升力越大;主发动机性能越高,发动机前后升力平衡的升力风扇压比和流量越大,发动机总升力也越大。     

利用格壁安装角对栅格舵展开折叠压心控制的工程方法研究探索

随着技术的发展，在工程设计中，对于巡航迎角下栅格舵导弹的展开与折叠的压心变化控制对于控制系统来说尤为重要。本文创新性的首次提出利用栅格舵的内壁单元的偏转，即相对于水平面的夹角来实现在设计点下的压心控制。由于设计过程需要多次迭代，本文利用计算在所关注的设计点处对展开折叠压心进行了验证，创造性的利用了等效代替的方法提出了一种新型的计算折叠状态压心的快速工程方法。     

Solar cycle and latitude dependence of high-beta suprathermal plasma conditions in interplanetary space between 1.3 and 5.4 AU

The analysis of energetic particles and magnetic field measurements from the Ulysses spacecraft has shown that in a series of events, the energy density contained in the suprathermal tail particle distribution is comparable to or larger than that of the magnetic field, creating conditions of high-beta plasma. In this work we analyze periods of high-beta suprathermal plasma occurrences (β_ep > 1) in interplanetary space, using the ratio (β_ep) of the energetic particle (20 keV to ∼5 MeV) and magnetic field energy densities from measurements covering the entire Ulysses mission lifetime (1990–2009) in order to reveal new or to reconfirm some recently defined interesting characteristics. The main key-results of the work are summarized as follows: (i) we verify that high-beta events are detected within well identified regions corresponding mainly to the vicinity of shock surfaces and magnetic structures, and associated with energetic particle intensity enhancements due to (a) reacceleration at shock-fronts and (b) unusually large magnetic field depressions. (ii) We define three considerable features for the high-beta events, concentrated on the next points: (a) there is an appreciable solar-activity influence on the high-beta events, during the maximum and middle solar-cycle phase, (b) the annual peak magnitude and the number of occurrences of high events are well correlated with the sunspot number, (c) the high-beta suprathermal plasma events present a spatial distribution in heliographic latitudes (HL) up to ∼±80°, and a specific important concentration on the low (−25° ? HL < −6°, 6° < HL ? 25°) and median (−45° ? HL < −25°, 25° < HL ? 45°) latitudes. We also reconfirm by a statistical analysis the results of Marhavilas and Sarris (2011), that the high-beta suprathermal plasma (β_ep > 1) events are characterized by a very large parameter β_ep (up to 1732.5), a great total duration (406 days) and a large percentage of the Ulysses-mission lifetime (which is equal to 6.34% of the total duration with usable measurements, and 11.3% of the duration in presence of suprathermal particles events).