飞机变形自动化测量方法研究

为解决以往飞机变形测量模式中人工干预较多,受测量环境影响较大,测量时间长等问题,基于Geo COM技术和RS232,在计算机与全站仪之间进行数据交换,设计了一套自动化测量系统。在测量过程中由标志点的机体理论坐标反算其在当前测站中的极坐标,从而在测量过程中驱动全站仪指向待测点,减少人工瞄准时间,并由计算机实时解算结果数据。经实际飞行试验验证表明,测量时间缩短为原来时间一半,大大提高了工作效率。     

Effects of Mach numbers on Magnus induced surface pressure

Experimental and numerical methods were used to investigate the Magnus phenomena over a spinning projectile. The pressure force acting on the surface of a spinning projectile was measured for various cases by employing a relatively novel experimental technique. A set of miniature pressure sensors along with a data acquisition board, battery and storage memory were placed inside a spinning model and the surface pressure were obtained through a remotely controlled system. Circumferential pressures of the model for both rotational and static conditions were obtained at two different free stream Mach numbers of 0.4 and 0.8 and at different angles of attack. The results showed the ability of this new test method to measure the very small Magnus force via surface pressures over the projectile. The results provide a deep insight into the flow structure and illustrate changes in the cross-flow separation locations as a result of rotation. Similar results were obtained by the numerical simulations and were compared with the experimental data.     

Fast spacecraft solar radiation pressure modeling by ray tracing on graphics processing unit

A novel method is presented to evaluate on the graphics processing unit (GPU) the force and torque on a spacecraft due to solar radiation pressure. The method employs efficient ray tracing techniques, developed in the graphics rendering discipline, to resolve spacecraft self-shadowing and reflections at faster than real-time computation speed. The primary algorithmic components of the ray tracing process which contribute to the method’s computational efficiency are described. These components include two-level bounding volume hierarchy acceleration data structures, fast ray to bounding box intersection testing using the slab intersection algorithm and fast triangle intersection testing using the Möller-Trumbore algorithm. Spacecraft material optical properties are represented as a combination of Lambertian diffuse and ideal specular reflections. Both diffuse and specular ray-surface interactions are modeled. The approach is implemented using C++ and OpenCL and executed on a consumer grade GPU. Model validation is presented comparing ray traced force and torque values to the same quantities produce by a faceted analytic model. Numerical results illustrate the impact of self-shadowing on the force and torque calculation, and demonstrate the fast computational speed that is enabled with this implementation.     

Geometric calibration of Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System of ESA’s Trace Gas Orbiter

There are many geometric calibration methods for “standard” cameras. These methods, however, cannot be used for the calibration of telescopes with large focal lengths and complex off-axis optics. Moreover, specialized calibration methods for the telescopes are scarce in literature. We describe the calibration method that we developed for the Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) telescope, on board of the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). Although our method is described in the context of CaSSIS, with camera-specific experiments, it is general and can be applied to other telescopes. We further encourage re-use of the proposed method by making our calibration code and data available on-line.     

Numerical investigation on flow nonuniformity-induced hysteresis in scramjet isolator

Numerical simulation and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the hysteresis inside scramjet isolator during the reciprocating process of back pressure variation. It is revealed that only a regular reflection is theoretically possible for two leading shocks when the inflow Mach number is greater than 2.0, and no hysteresis can occur in the transition between shock reflection types. Nevertheless, wall suction, gas injection, and background waves cause non-uniformity of the incoming flow and would make hysteresis possible. Besides the classical hysteresis in the transition between shock reflection, new kinds of hysteresis were found in both the deflection angle of separated boundary layer and the location of the shock train. Moreover, the occurrence of hysteresis in the deflection angle of the separated boundary layer is accompanied with the shock reflection hysteresis. In the case with background waves or gas injection, hysteresis in the starting position of leading shock was observed too. As back pressure decreases, the leading shock does not follow the same path as that as the back pressure increases, and it is anchored at the location where the background shock or the injection interacts with the leading shock. It is inferred that, if two strong adverse pressure gradient regions move towards and interact with each other, hysteresis will take place when they start to separate.     

基于ALE法的水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能分析

水陆两栖飞机的着水性能是体现其综合性能的重要因素之一.应用ALE法对三种水陆两栖飞机船体截面进行入水仿真计算,从着水载荷、喷溅性能及运动响应三个方面对着水性能进行综合评估.对比分析了直线型、带舭弯弧形、复合型三种构型截面在不同速度、不同重量下的压力分布、喷溅性能以及运动响应,得到了三种截面横向压力分布规律.计算结果显示相同状态下,喷溅性能复合型优于带舭弯弧形、带舭弯弧形优于直线型;过载复合型远大于带舭弯弧形,带舭弯弧形稍大于直线型,综合看来带舭弯弧形截面着水性能最佳.     

典型工况下低排放燃烧室的压力振荡特性

为了研究低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡特性,针对模型燃烧室进行了燃烧自激振荡特性试验.在试验中测量了采用贫油预混预蒸发(LPP)燃烧技术的低排放燃烧室在典型工况下的压力振荡频率和幅值,在燃烧室进口压力为1.10～2.77MPa、燃烧室进口温度为656～845 K、燃烧室压降为3.41％～4.35％范围内,分析了燃油粒径变化对振荡特性的影响.分析结果表明:局部当量比脉动是引发燃烧不稳定的因素之一.通过计算燃油二次雾化状态下的液滴最大粒径,发现燃油液滴粒径的变化对主燃级出口处的局部当量比脉动有直接影响,从而引起燃烧室压力振荡幅值和频率的变化.     

不同进口截面下液力透平非定常压力脉动计算

为了研究不同进口截面对液力透平内压力脉动的影响,利用CFX软件对一单级液力透平进行非定常数值计算,通过设置监测点,计算各监测点在不同进口截面下的压力脉动,通过快速傅里叶变换将其压力脉动计算结果做相应分析,分析各监测点处压力脉动的时域和频域分布.结果表明:蜗壳内在大蜗壳进口下,随着蜗壳进口直径的增加,每个监测点处的压力逐渐增加,而在小蜗壳进口下,每个监测点处的压力逐渐减小.在距离蜗壳收缩管较远处,大蜗壳进口下的压力脉动较小,而在距离收缩管较近处,小蜗壳进口下的压力脉动较小.在叶轮内不同进口截面压力脉动的差异在同一时刻从进口到出口逐渐减小.尾水管内在小蜗壳进口下尾水管进口处的压力脉动最大.      

翅片位置对复合式减涡器减阻性能影响数值模拟

为了探索翅片-管复合式减涡器的翅片安装位置对共转盘腔径向内流压力损失的影响规律,对不同转速、翅片周向位置及安装角度下的去旋系统开展了数值研究,得到了不同工况下共转盘腔径向内流的流场结构及压力损失分布曲线。研究结果表明:减涡管能引导流体径向流入,并降低流体的旋流比;相比于管式减涡器,翅片-管复合式减涡器能明显降低盘腔内的总压损失;在不同旋转雷诺数下,翅片的周向安装位置α及安装角β均存在最佳值;在中、高旋转雷诺数下,最佳值分别为α=9°,β=30°,最佳结构下总压损失较基础模型低40%左右;改变翅片周向位置及安装角度可以明显改变气流进入减涡管的角度,在较优情况下,可以减小流体流入减涡管的阻力及在减涡管内的流动阻力,整体上减小了盘腔内总压损失。     

燃气轮机间冷器结构改进试验研究

为了分析间冷器翅片高度、翅片厚度、隔板厚度等结构参数对换热性能的影响,根据船用间冷循环燃气轮机长期工作在海洋环境的性能要求及结构特点,初步设计了机上间冷器,并对其进行了试验验证。根据前期验证结果,对间冷器结构进行了迭代改进。结果表明:在一定范围内,翅片高度增加导致换热效率降低和总压恢复系数增大;翅片厚度增加,导致换热效率提高和总压恢复系数减小;隔板厚度增加导致换热效率降低。