超声速燃烧气动斜坡喷注器研究

为增强超声速燃烧过程的燃料混合,设计了通过喷嘴阵列形成流向涡强化混合的气动斜坡实验件.在直连式实验台上对气动斜坡实验件进行了纹影及油流谱等冷试实验研究.并采用大涡模拟(LES)方法数值模拟了超声速流场中气动斜坡的流动及燃烧特性.结果表明:气动斜坡喷注器的喷嘴阵列设计能有效加速喷流后流向涡的卷起,提高掺混特性;其燃烧过程也能使喷流形成的剪切层上抬,增进混合;由于喷流方向与主流方向夹角较小,总压损失也较物理斜坡、横向喷流等混合增强方式小.      

偏转弹头导弹动力学建模与仿真研究(英文)

针对采用旋转单通道控制的偏转弹头导弹,研究了其动力学特性。根据弹体的自旋特性,综合考虑弹头与弹体之间的相互作用,利用无根多刚体系统动力学方法在准弹体坐标系中建立了完整的偏转弹头导弹刚体动力学模型,并对其进行了线性化;在此基础上,对偏转弹头导弹通道间的耦合特性、弹头偏转对弹体运动的影响以及弹体动态特性进行了仿真分析。理论分析与仿真结果表明,偏转弹头导弹各通道之间是相互交连耦合的,弹头偏转将导致弹体向相反的方向运动,所建立的偏转弹头导弹动力学模型是正确合理的。     

基于拉格朗日力学的伞-弹系统动力学模型

为了回避牛顿力学体系在多体动力学建模过程中存在的复杂约束力求解问题,以拉格朗日力学体系为基础,从分析力学的角度出发,建立了铅垂平面内降落伞-弹系统五自由度动力学模型。详细介绍了拉格朗日力学体系动力学建模过程,推导了铅垂平面内伞-弹系统动能公式,解决了伞-弹系统广义力求解问题,给出了伞-弹所受空气动力的广义力表示。算例将建立的伞-弹系统模型和牛顿力学体系下简化的伞-弹模型进行对比,两种模型计算结果吻合,验证了本文模型的正确性。降落伞-弹系统动力学模型验证了拉格朗日力学在常规飞行器动力学建模中的可行性,为使用ADAMS等基于拉格朗日力学思想建模的商业软件进行伞-弹系统动力学求解提供理论依据,可以用于指导伞-弹系统的分析和设计。     

双股互击式喷嘴凝胶水雾化特性试验

采用激光全息技术,研究了双股互击式喷嘴的撞击角、射流速度、射流初始状态和在液流中预混入气体对凝胶水雾化性能的影响,并与水进行了对比。研究表明:相同条件下,与水相比,凝胶水难以雾化;增加喷嘴撞击角和射流速度有利于凝胶水的雾化;表面粗糙孔喷嘴和液流中预混入气体有助于凝胶水的雾化。     

航天器虚拟动态试验技术研究及展望

文章简要回顾了航天器结构动态设计技术的发展,并且指出随着现代航天器越来越复杂,数值分析方法与动态试验方法都无法满足设计的要求。为了解决这个问题,必须采用虚拟动态试验技术。文中较详细地介绍了复杂结构模型修改新技术、虚拟模态试验技术和振动台虚拟振动试验技术。文章最后还对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。     

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

Numerical study of a 3.5-stage axial compressor at on-and off-design conditions

Numerical investigation is conducted on a 3.5-stage axial compressor,on which numerous experimental projects were carried out at the Institute during the last years and an experimental database was established.In the current study five on-and off-design operating points are simulated using a RANS solver and the results are compared with the measurement.The result shows that the compressor performance can be qualitatively predicted by the mixing-plane method.Better agreement is obtained for the on-design operating point.However,as the flow unsteadiness is insufficiently considered,the numerical method produces end-wall low-speed flow layers accumulated with the flow passing through the passage,which is in no good agreement with the experimental data.In the numerical simulation the rotor rows receive less work and this difference from the measurement increases with the rotational speed.In contrast,the stator rows increase the pressure more efficiently than the measurement.In the simulation the flow in the last stator row tends more to separate on the pressure side of the blade.For the operating points close to the surge line,the predicted separation is more intense than the experimental observation.But for the operating points close to the choke,the separation is suppressed.      

空间机器人柔性臂动力学模糊控制的研究

重点研究了在空间机器人柔性臂的动力学非线性控制问题,由于柔性臂动力学系统的强非线性和耦合性,使得柔性臂控制系统复杂,控制的实时性和稳定性差,本文针对以往柔性臂控制所存在的问题,综合考虑系统的动态和静态特性,提出了一种带有非线性补偿器及ＰＩＤ控制器的柔性臂模糊复合控制方案,然后,根据所推导了一两连杆的空间机器人柔性臂的这非线性模型,进行了系统控制的仿真研究,实例仿真的结果表明,该控制方案能有效地抑制     

Recent experience with different methods of drag prediction

During the recent past the process of engineering design has changed entirely because of rapid developments in computational simulations. In aerodynamic design, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods are slowly superseding empirical methods and design engineers are spending more and more time applying CFD tools to analyze and predict the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to review recent experiences in CFD-based drag prediction with an emphasis on flow solutions governed by the Euler and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. For these types of flow solutions, various drag analysis methodologies are outlined and applied to determine the drag of components of as well as whole-body airplanes, helicopters, and ground-based vehicles at subsonic and transonic flow conditions. The review demonstrates that although significant progress has been made, CFD-based drag prediction still faces a number of hurdles that must be dealt with before it will become more widely accepted.     

跨、超音速流动的区域分解方法与并行算法

研究二维跨、超音速无粘性流动的 Euler方程区域分解方法、并行算法及其应用。通过内边界耦合条件实现相邻子区域解的光滑过渡,以得到总体流场的数值解。发展了一种多块区域之间守恒型的有效内边界耦合方法,对二维翼型跨音速流动和钝头体超音速流动等进行了分区数值求解,分区计算结果与其他单区计算结果作了比较,并讨论了多种区域分解数目的分区计算效率。并行计算采用纯结点并行编程方式和“先进先出”的同步控制等待机制,利用 PVM并行环境对二维绕翼型跨音速流动做了二区和四区分区并行计算。