Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

壁面喷射当量比对支板凹腔耦合燃烧的影响

在纯净空气来流条件下,对于全高后掠支板与凹腔耦合的燃烧室,采用分级喷射供油,对比研究了壁面喷射当量比对壁面压力和燃烧性能的影响。结果表明:在支板喷射当量比一定的情况下,随着壁面喷射当量比增加,壁面静压峰值升高,静压开始提升的位置向上游移动,总当量比达到1.1时发生溢流;一维分析表明,马赫数在支板附近降到1以下,在凹腔处达到0.5左右,在出口扩张段恢复至1以上,燃烧室处于亚燃模态;燃烧性能方面,保持支板喷射当量比一定,随着壁面喷射当量比的增加,总压恢复系数提高,出口总温增加,燃烧效率降低。     

Acceleration of energetic particles by whistler waves in active space experiment with charged particle beams injection

In this paper the investigation of wave-particle interaction during simultaneous injection of electron and xenon ion beams from the satellite Intercosmos-25 (IK-25) carried out using the data of the double satellite system with subsatellite Magion-3 (APEX). Results of active space experiment devoted to the beam-plasma instability are partially presented in the paper Baranets et al. (2007). A specific feature of the experiment carried out in orbits 201, 202 was that charged particle flows were injected in the same direction along the magnetic field lines B₀ so the oblique beam-into-beam injection have been produced. Results of the beam-plasma interaction for this configuration were registered by scientific instruments mounted on the station IK-25 and Magion-3 subsatellite. Main attention is paid to study the electromagnetic and longitudinal waves excitation in different frequency ranges and the energetic electron fluxes disturbed due to wave-particle interaction with whistler waves. The whistler wave excitation on the 1st electron cyclotron harmonic via normal Doppler effect during electron beam injection in ionospheric plasma are considered.     

超临界正十烷喷射到大气环境的喷射特性

研究了超临界正十烷(n-decane)喷射到静止常温常压大气环境中的近场射流结构及喷口附近的射流相变特性.研究结果表明,超临界正十烷喷射到静止大气环境中后会经历类似于理想气体不完全膨胀的过程,会在喷嘴下游产生马赫盘等激波结构,马赫盘的位置随喷射压力的提高而增大,而喷射温度对马赫盘位置几乎没有影响.当喷射温度较高时,超临界正十烷在喷嘴出口处直接进入气相区,没有凝结现象发生.而当喷射温度接近临界温度时,超临界正十烷会在喷嘴内部及出口处发生局部凝结,进入气液两相区.      

实时操作系统中健康监控技术研究

描述了实时操作系统中健康监控功能,讨论了错误诊断、错误注入、错误响应、错误恢复等健康监控技术关键点,给出了一种实时操作系统中健康监控技术的实现方案。     

涡轮叶尖间隙泄漏流动主动控制数值模拟

结合基于压力修正的雷诺应力湍流模型加壁面函数的三维计算流体力学程序,对某一轴流涡轮转子采用叶尖间隙射流主动控制对泄漏流场的影响进行了数值模拟.结果表明:在涡轮叶尖表面选择合适射流孔位置进行射流可以提高涡轮转子效率,其中大间隙下通过射流孔组合射流可以提高涡轮效率0.35%,小间隙下可以提高0.3%;在射流孔区域靠近叶片表面处流场结构中鞍点数和结点数相等,满足奇点总数规律.      

验证BIT测试性指标的总线级故障注入系统及其设计

文章详细分析了机内测试(BIT,Built-in test)系统的测试性指标验证和评价的重要性与实用性,并着重介绍了用于BIT测试性指标验证的总线级故障注入系统及其硬件、软件设计以及该系统的工作流程,并通过时序分析证明了该系统进行实时故障注入的可实现性和可操作性,最后给出了该系统进行故障注入试验后的软硬件试验结果。     

On the anthropogenic and natural injection of matter into Earth’s atmosphere

Every year, more and more objects are sent to space. The increasing number of countries with space programs, advancing commercialization, and ambitious satellite constellation projects raise concerns about space debris and the increase of mass flux into the atmosphere due to deorbiting of satellites and rocket bodies. A comparison of this anthropogenic influx to the natural influx due to meteoroids is presented giving detailed information about the mass, composition and ablation of the entering matter. Currently, anthropogenic material does make up about 2.8% compared to the annual injected mass of natural origin. For two different future scenarios considering planned and already partially installed large satellite constellations this fraction increases to nearly 13%, respectively 40%. For these cases, the anthropogenic injection of several metals prevails the injection by natural sources by far. Considering different ablation products, we find that the anthropogenic injection of aerosols into the atmosphere increases disproportionately. Today, they make up about 1% compared to the injected aerosol mass of natural origin, increasing to 30% and 94% for the two future scenarios, respectively. Considering the injection of atoms, the natural injection is dominant by far. For the two future scenarios, the anthropogenic injection is only at 5%, respectively 15% compared to the annual natural atom injection. The predicted strong increase in anthropogenic injection will make it significant in comparison to the natural injection which can have yet unknown effects on Earth’s atmosphere and the terrestrial habitat.     

空间连续型机器人位姿与构型的能量整形控制

针对空间连续型机器人(SCR)位置和姿态机动、连续型机械臂变形控制以及系统受到外界干扰的问题,基于连接与阻尼配置-无源性控制(IDA PBC)方法设计了控制器。通过能量整形得到空间连续型机器人期望的能量函数,再对系统注入阻尼使其渐近稳定。利用非线性干扰观测器估计系统受到的干扰,并对外界干扰进行补偿。仿真结果表明：设计的控制器可以使空间连续型机器人机动到指定的位置和姿态,同时控制连续型机械臂变形为期望的构型,并且具有主动抗干扰的能力。通过选择合适的能量整形系数和阻尼注入系数,可使系统以期望的动态性能到达指定的平衡点。     

基于小孔成像技术的中能电子成像谱仪及其空间观测结果

中能电子测量对空间辐射环境的理论研究和空间航天器的防护设计具有重要意义。北京大学研制的中能电子成像谱仪(BD-IES)利用小孔成像技术实现多方向中能电子的能谱测量。地面标定试验结果表明,BD-IES具有良好的能量线性度和较小的系统噪声,能够有效实现对中能电子的能谱测量。该仪器已成功应用在我国导航卫星上。最新测量结果表明BD-IES对中能电子的测量是成功的,其结果对于研究如亚暴注入、波-粒子相互作用等空间物理热点问题具有重要意义。BD-IES未来将被应用到"风云"等空间环境探测平台上。