Time delay compensation in lateral-directional flight control systems at high angles of attack

The previous studies of time delay compensation in flight control systems are all based on the conventional aerodynamic derivative model and conducted in longitudinal motions at low angles of attack. In this investigation, the effects of time delay on the lateral-directional stability augmentation system in high-α regime are discussed based on the $\dot{\beta }$ model, which is proposed in our previous work and proved as a more accurate aerodynamic model to reveal the lateral-directional unsteady aerodynamic characteristics at high angles of attack. Both the $\dot{\beta }$ model and the quasi-steady model are used for simulating the effects of time delay on the flying qualities in high-α maneuvers. The comparison between the simulation results shows that the flying qualities are much more sensitive to the mismatch of feedback gains than the state errors caused by time delay. Then a typical adaptive controller based on the conventional dynamic derivative model and a gain-prediction compensator based on $\dot{\beta }$ model are designed to address the time delay in different maneuvers. The simulation results show that the gain-prediction compensator is much simpler and more efficient at high angles of attack. Finally, the gain-prediction compensator is combined with a linearized $\dot{\beta }$ model reference adaptive controller to compensate the adverse effects of very large time delay, which exhibits excellent performance when addressing the extreme conditions at high angles of attack.     

民用航空发动机TA19电子束焊疲劳试验

针对民用航空发动机钛合金整体叶盘常用材料TA19开展其母材试件与电子束焊焊接试件在20,300,450℃的疲劳试验,通过焊接试件的焊缝材料断口与母材断口形貌的比较探讨了焊缝材料的疲劳破坏机理,并在104~106循环的疲劳寿命区间内采用Basquin模型分别建立了焊缝材料和母材的应力-疲劳寿命(S-N)曲线,结果显示母材试件与焊接试件的试验疲劳寿命大部分都落在了对应模型计算疲劳寿命的2倍线之内,表明试验得到的S-N曲线是合理的.焊接试件与母材试件的S-N曲线的对比分析表明,20℃时焊接试件的疲劳性能比母材试件略高,而在300℃和450℃时焊接试件与母材试件的疲劳性能差异随应力水平发生变化.但总地说来,在所关注疲劳寿命区间内,母材试件与焊接试件的计算疲劳寿命差异也在2倍线以内,初步表明两者的疲劳性能相当.      

大气层内模型预测静态规划拦截中制导

在临近空间机动目标拦截中,拦截器的初始动力段对中制导段乃至末端拦截性能具有重要影响。在模型预测静态规划（MPSP）理论基础上提出了一种初、中制导联合规划制导方法,旨在解决多阶段、快速、最优拦截轨迹规划和制导问题。首先,提出了一种改进的模型预测静态规划方法,该方法不仅可以满足终端约束,还可以生成最优初始状态,并在性能指标中考虑状态变量相关函数。其次,基于等效阻力模型建立了包含动力段与非动力段的两段规划模型,通过采用分段离散以及构建关机点变分关系的方法,避免了内点约束的引入,使MPSP算法可直接求解该两段规划问题。最后,结合提出的MPSP算法以及两段规划模型,实现了终端速度最优的拦截轨迹规划,结合目标预测方法,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明,本文方法可提高制导精度和终端速度,且能更好满足对机动目标的拦截需求。     

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

行业标准与高职素质教育契合性理论与实践——以广州民航职业技术学院为例

高职院校在教育实践中存在着重技能培养而轻素质教育的问题,如何解决这一问题,将专业教育与素质教育相融合是一种切实可行方案。将专业教育中的＂行业标准＂与素质教育相结合,从＂贯彻教育方针,培育高素质人才＂、＂拓展职教潜能,达成校企融通＂、＂关注自身发展,践行学以致用＂三个维度描述二者契合的必要性,从在内涵上有着相通的意蕴、在历史上有着相同的源流、在操作中有着相融的环境三个角度论证二者契合的可行性,并总结广州民航职业技术学院基于行业标准的素质教育实践举措,即＂理论教学打基础＂、＂文化活动谋提升＂、＂顶岗实习检成效＂。     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

高速公路卓越质量施工管理中六西格玛方法的运用

针对我国高速公路建设实际情况,结合我国高速公路的卓越绩效目标,综合考虑现行管理模式下突显出来的一系列问题,阐述在高速公路质量管理过程中引入六西格玛方法的现实可行性,并以用料和施工为例,提出该方法在高速公路质量管理过程中的具体实施步骤。     

航天器装配定位机构的设计与实现

航天器装配定位机构是重要的技术改造项目之一,用于舱段精密对接与分解,其通过与空间定位系统、自动起吊装置的配合,实现舱段对接与分解过程的量化识别与自动控制。该机构主要设计有质心捕获、自动调平和旋转等功能,为舱段对接与分解提供基础支撑平台、航天器空间姿态调整和相关数据支持。文章阐述了航天器装配定位机构原理,并对其主要功能的实现方法进行了设计。     

电子飞控飞机的飞行品质适航验证

FAA AC25-7A中的飞行品质评定方法 (HQRM)能够对使用电子飞控系统的民用运输机进行飞行品质评估。分析了HQRM评估程序以及相关适航要求,根据某民用飞机飞控系统功能危险分析,针对单侧升降舵卡阻这一典型故障,提出了在该失效状态下的模拟器飞行品质评估试验程序,分别给出了HQRM和相应军用标准评估方法,对军民评估方法的差异性和一致性进行了分析。研究结果对采用电子飞控系统的现代飞机的飞行品质适航验证具有工程参考意义。     

基于AHP的航空装备技术保障质量影响因素分析

围绕航空装备技术保障质量控制,深入分析了航空装备技术保障质量控制的内涵,构建了航空装备技术保障质量控制过程模型,阐述了影响航空装备技术保障质量的各种因素,并在调研和统计分析的基础上,应用层次分析法给出了影口向航空装备技术保障质量的因果图。