真空环境下行波型超声波电机的特性

真空环境下由于缺少空气介质,靠摩擦驱动的超声波电机的特性会与常态 下发生较大的变化。采用行波型超声波电机常用的三种摩擦材料（环氧树脂、聚四氟乙 烯烧结和生聚四氟乙烯填充为基的摩擦材料）对比分析了常态和真空环境下的超声波电机的 机械特性。发现除环氧胶外,其他摩擦材料制成的电机真空下的堵转力矩都有所增大,而空 载转速全部降低。为了分析变化产生的原因,实验比较了真空环境下三种摩擦材料在常规、 驻波和行波状态下的动摩擦系数,实验表明除环氧胶外其它摩擦材料的摩擦系数比常态下都 略有增大,且相应电机的堵转力矩也都增大。其次实验研究了行波型超声波电机的瞬态特性 ,当真空度增加到10 -2 Pa后,电机的起动时间和起动电压都有明显的增加,即电 机起动和运行的阻力逐步增大,导致电机空载转速的降低。最后测试了声悬浮力大小,其数 值不超过预紧力的1％,不是真空环境下特性变化的主因。导致电机真空环境下堵转力 矩和空载转速发生变化的主要原因在于摩擦材料动态摩擦系数和起动与运行阻力的变化。     

基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法的研究

通过摩擦补偿的分析提出了一种基于非线性摩擦模型参数观测器的自适应摩擦补偿方法,从工程实用角度出发采用的是库仑加粘滞的摩擦模型,设计了两个观测器实现对库仑摩擦系数和粘滞摩擦系数的估计,并用MATLAB软件对转台工作状态进行了仿真,结果表明此观测器有良好的自适应补偿性能。     

基于小波的能源消费弹性系数预测方法

能源消费弹性系数反映了一个国家能源消费增长速度与国民经济增长速度之间的比例关系,是衡量一个国家能源利用效率的重要指标。鉴于数据中存在较多的噪声,首先用小波分析方法对数据进行滤波,然后用滤除了噪声的数据作为输入变量,用支持向量回归方法建模,并预测未来10年我国能源消费弹性系数变化的规律。实际数据检验表明,该预测方法还是可行的。     

7一种双S形进气道流场特性殛控制的试验研究

In order to provide the line of-sight blockage of the engine face for an advanced Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle(UCAV), a highly curved serpentine inlet is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the static pressure distribut ion measurement along the wall, the flow separation is found at the top wall of the second S duct for the baseline inlet design, which yields a high flow distortion at the exit plane. To improve the flow uniformity, a single array of vortex generators (VGs) is employed within the inlet. In this experimental study, the effects of mass flow ratio, free stream Mach number, angle of attack and yaw on the performance of a serpentine inlet instrumented with VGs are obtained. Results indicate: (1) Compared with the baseline serpentine design without flow control the application of the VGs promotes the mixing of core flow and the low momentum flow in the boundary layer and thus prevents the flow separation. Under the design condition, the exit flow distortion (

) decreases from 11. 7% to 2.3% by using the VGs. (2) With the descent of the free stream Mach number the total pressure loss decreases. How ever, the circular total pressure distortion increases. When the angle of attack rises from - 4° to 8°, the total pressure recovery and the circular total pressure distortion both go down. In addition, with the increase of yaw the total pressure recovery is fairly constant, while the circular total pressure distortion ascends gradually. (3) When Ma₀=0.6-0.8, α= −4°-8° and β= 0°-6°, the total pressure recovery varies between 0.936 and 0.961, the circular total pressure distortion coefficient varies between 1.4% and 5.4% and the synthesis distortion coefficient has a ranges from 3.8% to 7.0%. The experimental results confirm the excellent performance of the newly designed serpentine inlet incorporating VGs.     

利用反射式衍射光栅进行瞬态应变测量

介绍了利用反射式衍射光栅进行瞬态应变测量的方法,在一维细长杆中,通过测量杆未端的绝对速度,就可以算出动态应变和应变灵敏度系数K,文章对该方法进行了理论计算和实验结果分析,给出了结论和进一步研究方向。     

阻力伞附加质量与阻力系数修正方法

在阻力伞试验,特别是高速滑车试验过程中,由于阻力伞系统作非匀加速的非定常运动以及前置体尾流场的影响,现有的阻力伞试验数据计算方法已经难以准确计算其阻力系数.本文针对阻力伞试验过程中的这种非定常运动和尾流干扰特性,对阻力伞系统进行了动力学分析,并对阻力伞非定常运动过程中的附加质量和尾流场特性进行了理论研究,提出了阻力伞双...     

利用几何遗传方法优化前缘翼根延伸的外形以增强飞行器升力系数和机动性

为了提高所选定飞行器模型的机动性,采用了一种标准遗传算法设计前缘翼根延伸(LEX).同时使用一种由三维低阶板方法结合DATCOM方法半经验公式的改进方法预测复杂外形飞行器(机身 机翼 尾翼)的空气动力载荷和最大升力系数.结果表明,在前缘翼根存在的情况下,升力系数在马赫数为0.4～0.8时提升了20.5%～15.3%,在马赫数为1.2时提升了6.8%,在马赫数为0.2～0.95之间升力系数最大值提升了9.5%～15%.在1～5 km的高度亚音速飞行时,其回转率得到了6.6%～8.0%的提升.     

台阶篦齿与衬套轴向位置和转速对封严特性影响的实验

设计了上台阶和下台阶篦齿两组实验模型,研究了旋转和静止两种状态下篦齿进出口压比、篦齿与衬套轴向相对位置以及转速对封严特性的影响.结果表明:齿型结构尺寸相同时,上台阶篦齿和下台阶篦齿的封严特性相似,增加篦齿前后腔压比,台阶篦齿的泄漏系数增加;进口总压和总温一定时,齿间压力沿流动方向线性下降;台阶篦齿与台阶衬套的轴向相对位置的改变对台阶篦齿的泄漏量影响不大;低转速时旋转速度对台阶篦齿泄漏影响也不大.      

Four-peak longitudinal distribution of the equatorial plasma bubbles observed in the topside ionosphere: Possible troposphere tide influence

In this paper we consider an idea of the troposphere tide influence on the character of the longitudinal variations in the distribution of the equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) observed in the topside ionosphere. For this purpose, the obtained EPB longitudinal patterns were compared with the thermosphere and ionosphere characteristics having the prominent “wave-like” longitudinal structures with wave number 4, which are uniquely associated with the influence of the troposphere DE3 tides. The characteristics of the equatorial mass density anomaly (EMA), equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), zonal wind and pre-reversal E?×?B drift enhancement (PRE) were used for comparison. The equinox seasons during high solar activity were under consideration. It was obtained that the longitudinal patterns of the EMA and zonal wind show the surprising similarity with the EPB distributions (R???0.8, R???0.72). On the other hand, the resemblance with the ionosphere characteristics (EIA, PRE) is rather faint (R???0.37, R???0.12). It was shown that the thermosphere zonal winds are the most possible transfer mediator of the troposphere DE3 tide influence. The most successful moment for the transfer of the troposphere DE3 tide energy takes place in the beginning of the EPB production, namely, during the seed perturbation development.     

火焰筒壁面孔流量系数的试验研究

本文对火焰筒壁面孔的流量系数进行了试验研究。试验是在矩形试验件上进行的,模拟了燃烧室流动状态。对平面圆孔,不同翻边半径和翻边高度的翻边圆孔,在不同速度比 Va_1/VⅡ_1和加热比θ下进行流量系数试验研究。冷吹风状态和热态流量系数的最大差别在5～9％之间。将冷态下的流量系数 C_d 表示成流动参数 F_p 的关系。