卫星群时延特性测量新方案的设计和实现

设计并实现了适用于卫星整星综合测试的群时延测量新方案。与传统模拟解调方案相比,此方案对信号采样后直接进行数字信号处理,采用数字解调、估计相位的方式测量群时延,减小了引入的噪声和对信号的畸变,适用于不同卫星的群时延特性测试,省去了时间差测试设备,降低了测试成本。实际测试结果表明,此方案在C频段的测量精度小于1ns,UHF频段的测量精度小于16ns,满足卫星群时延测试要求,为卫星测试的自动化、通用化奠定了基础。     

地面等待和改航策略的流量管理方法

恶劣天气下,过多的地面等待往往造成终端区的拥堵和航班的过分滞留,充分利用航路容量是解决这一问题的途径之一。结合地面延误程序和改航策略,建立了动态不确定性情况下航班起飞时刻和航路选择模型,基于当前的航班计划,通过迭代算法和Dijkstra算法,获得优化的起飞时刻和航路选择。仿真结果表明,结合改航策略后,可提高航路容量的利用率,航班的总体延误可在一定程度上减少。     

低仰角大气折射误差对初轨精度的影响分析

针对在交会对接任务中测量船使用的电波折射经验模型存在低仰角跟踪测量修正精度差的问题提出改进思路,在模型中引入基于天顶延迟的拟合算法优化修正模型,提高了船载雷达低仰角跟踪时距离的修正精度,满足了测量船数据处理的精度需求。用新方法处理数据,计算的轨道根数半长轴外符合误差平均降低了605m,有效提高了测量船定轨精度。     

FX型相关处理方案及野值剔除算法

分析了甚长基线干涉测量等干涉测量技术中FX型相关处理方案存在的问题,提出了一种新的FX相关处理方案。该方案经过两次整数比特时延补偿将两站接收信号相对时延缩小到1 bit内,从而避免了相位卷绕现象的出现,同时省去了原方案中的小数比特时延补偿,接着对新方案的计算量和相关长度做了深入的分析;改进了一种野值剔除算法,使剔除过程不受相位随频率变化趋势的影响。蒙特卡洛仿真和“嫦娥二号”实测数据处理结果验证了改进的准确性和有效性。     

连接单元干涉测量技术应用于嫦娥二号卫星测轨实验

为了支持月球、火星等探测任务,我国正在组织开展深空干涉测量信号处理中心的建设工作。在嫦娥二号卫星在轨运行期间,利用连接单元干涉测量系统对卫星下行的数传信号进行采集记录,应用自行开发的数据处理软件获得了清晰的干涉条纹,同时时延计算结果与理论轨道具有较高的一致性,精度优于纳秒级。测轨实验验证了数据处理算法的正确性,证明了应用连接单元干涉技术进行卫星测轨的可行性。文章的分析和结论可为后续深入开展深空干涉测量信号处理中心建设提供技术储备。     

遥操作系统中预测显示技术研究

通过虚拟预测技术对现有预测显示方法进行调研分析,提出了一种分类方法,有效地解决了遥操作中时延问题。针对目前计算机视觉领域的快速发展,提出一种基于视频流的在线重建模型的预测显示方法,该方法能够适应于非结构化的甚至是完全未知的环境,不仅能够解决机器人遥操作实验的时延问题,同时能够满足实时性的需求,文中指出了其关键技术。同时,实现了一个基于重建模型的预测显示原型系统,基于不同的时延条件,对通过时延视频构建的预测图像和真实采集到的图像进行了对比,验证了该方法能够补偿时延的影响,具有很好的预测效果。     

捷联惯导系统中加速度计的时延补偿研究

In view of the phase shift characteristic inconsisteny between gyros and accelerometers in actual SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System), it’s found that non synchronization velocity errors are considerable under SINS angular motion. Through SINS systemic test, a simple and convenient way to identify the accelerometer time delay parameter is proposed. In this way, a rolling test in gravity fields is designed and the relations between accelerometer time delay parameter and the system’s velocity error are obtained. Moreover, two kinds of methods for non synchronization velocity error compensation are given: one is the time delay extrapolation based on the transfer function model of accelerometer and the other is the velocity error direct compensation based on SINS velocity update algorithm. Finally, by using fiber optic gyro SINS, some experiments are carried out and the results verify that the navigation system’s accuracy is improved effectively and the theoretical analysis is correct.     

Predicting atmospheric delays for rapid ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning

Integer ambiguity resolution in precise point positioning (PPP) can shorten the initialization and re-initialization time, and ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions are also more reliable and accurate than ambiguity-float PPP solutions. However, signal interruptions are unavoidable in practical applications, particularly while operating in urban areas. Such signal interruptions can cause discontinuity of carrier phase arc, which introduces new integer ambiguities. Usually it will take approximately 15 min of continuous tracking to a reasonable number of satellites to fix new integer ambiguities. In many applications, it is impractical for a PPP user to wait for such a long time for the re-initialization. In this paper, a method for rapid ambiguity fixing in PPP is developed to avoid such a long re-initialization time. Firstly, the atmospheric delays were estimated epoch by epoch from ambiguity-fixed PPP solutions before the data gap or cycle slip occurs. A random walk procedure is then applied to predict the atmospheric delays accurately over a short time span. The predicted atmospheric delays then can be used to correct the observations which suffer from signal interruptions. Finally, the new ambiguities can be fixed with a distinct WL-LX-L3 (here LX denotes either of L1, L2) cascade ambiguity resolution strategy. Comprehensive experiments have demonstrated that the proposed method and strategy can fix zero-difference integer ambiguities successfully with only a single-epoch observation immediately after a short data gap. This technique works even when all satellites are interrupted at the same time. The duration of data gap bridged by this technique could be possibly extended if a more precise atmospheric delay prediction is found or on-the-fly (OTF) technology is applied. Based on the proposed method, real-time PPP with integer ambiguity fixing becomes more feasible in practice.     

输入延迟未知的二阶对象的黄金分割控制

研究输入延迟未知对象特征模型的控制问题.采用闭环系统直接求根方法,结果表明:最小方差控制对未知输入延迟不具有鲁棒性,原型黄金分割控制能应对较小的未知输入延迟变化,λ型黄金分割控制能应对较大的未知输入延迟的变化.针对稳定、临界稳定、不稳定以及双积分特征模型,在未知的输入延迟条件下,进一步研究了原型和λ型黄金分割控制器对未知输入延迟的稳定性和性能鲁棒性.对稳定的被控对象,λ型黄金分割控制器,可应对很大的未知输入延迟,且闭环性能基本不变;对非稳定对象的特征模型,λ型黄金分割控制器,可提高应对未知输入延迟的稳定能力,通过优选λ,可优化闭环性能.     

一种自适应迭代宽带数字波束成形算法

为了克服传统宽带波束合成要求期望信号垂直入射阵面的苛刻要求,新算法首先利用数字时延滤波器对接收数据的时延进行补偿,使其等效为期望信号垂直入射,然后采用无需计算矩阵求逆的基于LMS的空时自适应滤波算法完成波束形成。方向图仿真表明,新算法能够实现宽带抑制,可高分辨率地使主瓣对准期望,零陷对准干扰;同时通过计算量分析,相对于DMI算法,新算法很大程度地降低了计算复杂度,减小了计算量,易于工程 实现。