考虑热传导的微型离心压气机设计与数值分析

为厘米级微型燃气轮机设计了一台直径为26 mm,设计转速为240 000 r/min,设计流量为30 g/s的微型离心压气机,并在壁面绝热条件和壁面等温传热两种条件下,运用CFX软件进行了数值模拟.结果表明,在同样的轴输入功的情况下,壁面等温传热条件下流量比绝热条件减小7.53%,总对总等熵效率降低约18.1%,总压比减小21.7%.在此基础上,考虑热传导对微型离心压气机进行了改进设计,CFX软件分析结果表明,改进后的设计满足微型燃机总体设计要求.      

基于试验的高空台混合器至流量管传热模型研究

基于高空台升温试验原理和已有试验数据,对影响升温过程的因素进行了分析,得出混合器出口温度值的高低是影响升温速率的主要因素。同时,采用基于试验数据的建模方法,将经验值转化为数学模型,实现了高空台升温过程的数值模拟。     

Effects of temperature distribution and level on heat transfer on a rotating free disk

In gas turbine engines, with the existence of the intense forced convection and significant buoyancy effects, temperature distribution and level on turbine or compressor disks affect the heat transfer characteristics strongly. In this paper, numerical simulations were performed to analyze these influences for a free disk, with the laminar and turbulent flow respectively. The influences of temperature distribution on the heat transfer were observed by using incompressible cooling air, and temperature profiles of nth order monomial and polynomial were assumed on the disk. The analysis revealed that the heat transfer for two flow states on the free disk is determined by the exponent n of the monomial profile when specifying the rotating Reynolds number; for an arbitrary polynomial profile, the local Nusselt number can be deduced from results of monomial profiles. To study the effects of temperature level on heat transfer singly, monomial profiles were used and the local Nusselt number of compressible and incompressible cooling air were compared.And both for two flow states, the following conclusions could be drawn: the relative difference of local Nusselt number is mainly controlled by nondimensional local temperature difference, and almost independent of the monomial's coefficient C, exponent n and the rotating Reynolds number. Subsequently, a correction method for heat transfer of the free disk is presented and verified computationally, with which the local Nusselt number, obtained with a uniform and low temperature profile, can be revised by arbitrary distribution and high temperature magnitude.      

地空导弹LQG/LTR增益调度自动驾驶仪设计(英文)

采用线性二次高斯/回路传递复现(LQG/LTR)增益调度技术设计地空导弹增益调度自动驾驶仪。为消除传统"试错"设计过程在系统中所引起的人为不确定性,提出一种基于极点配置的目标回路设计方法。此方法提供了由体现性能指标要求的期望极点构造矩阵微分Riccati方程(MDRE)的具体算法。同时,还证明了引入积分环节扩展被控对象动力学,能够有效抑制LQG/LTR增益调度控制器的快模态,从而为LQG/LTR增益调度技术的工程应用扫清了一个障碍。采用所提出的方法设计了地空导弹LQG/LTR增益调度自动驾驶仪。设计及仿真结果表明,控制器的快模态得到了明显抑制,同时,在飞行马赫数和高度变化的情况下,自动驾驶仪具有稳定的动力学特性。     

相变材料微胶囊表面吸附纳米颗粒对传热过程的影响

通过对相变材料微胶囊、纳米颗粒和基液之间传热过程的仿真计算,分析了纳米颗粒的数目、粒径和热导率对微胶囊与流体之间传热Nu的影响.进而采用数值方法研究了吸附纳米颗粒后,微胶囊-流体传热系数的提高对相变过程的影响,研究结果为纳米颗粒的强化传热机制提供了部分理论依据.      

Development and calibration of heat transfer coefficient sensor for rotational state

A novel heat transfer coefficient sensor is introduced and the design, manufacture,and calibration are described.The intended application of this instrument was on a high rotational speed test disc. In the experiments,the heat transfer coefficient sensor was calibrated under static state and rotational state respectively. The calibration under the static state was accomplished in a pipe: the inside diameter (ID) was 0.048m and the total length was 4m, the distance between the sensor and the inlet of the pipe was 3.5m; the standard value was measured using a self-made calibrator. The calibration under the rotational state was accomplished using a rotating disc: the diameter and thickness of the stainless disc were 800mm and 25mm, respectively;the sensor was installed at the location of r =250mm; the rotating disc driven by a 30kW direct current motor can supply the maximum rotational speed of 3000r/min. The standard value under rotational state was provided by an approximate empirical formula. The results show that the designed sensor can measure heat transfer coefficient directly under rotational state and static state with good accuracy and stability; the correlation factor of K are constant under static state and rotational state.      

超临界压力下航空煤油圆管流动和传热的数值研究

对超临界压力下大庆RP-3航空煤油在小管道内的流动、传热过程进行了数值研究。湍流模拟采用了RNG k-ε两方程模型和Wolfstein一方程模型结合的两层模型;同时,采用煤油的10组分替代模型以及NIST Super-trapp程序库对大庆3号航空煤油的热物理和输运特性进行了确定。圆管传热的计算条件为:入口压力4 MPa,入口温度300 K,质量流量范围:0.06～0.12 kg/s,壁面热流密度范围:300～700 kW/m2。计算结果显示,煤油的流动和传热特性比水、二氧化碳等简单化合物复杂得多。在超临界压力下,煤油的吸热升温导致其热物理特性以及流动特性均发生剧烈变化,其中,雷诺数沿管道方向上升了至少一个量级,而普朗特数下降了一个量级。在加热开始段,煤油的对流传热系数迅速上升;当壁面温度超过其拟临界温度后,对流传热系数略有所回落;随着煤油温度的进一步上升,传热系数又得到明显增强。计算表明,煤油对流换热特性的变化与煤油复杂的高温热物理特性以及湍流流动在近壁区的增强和抑止有关。     

超临界压力下低温甲烷的湍流传热数值研究

通过系统的数值模拟计算,在准确确定甲烷的热力学和传输物性变化的情况下,详细分析了两种热流密度下超临界压力对低温甲烷的湍流传热过程的影响,揭示了对流换热Nusselt数的变化规律。计算结果表明:在超临界压力下,热力学和传输物性对湍流传热现象会造成很大的影响,尤其在甲烷的临界区域附近,由于物性的剧烈变化会导致传热过程的恶化现象;在高热流密度情况下(如7MW/m2),增大管内压力有利于提高对流换热强度;现有的常用变物性湍流传热公式不能适用于超临界压力下低温甲烷的对流换热计算。     

电热除冰传热特性的结冰风洞实验研究

利用结冰风洞设备和电加热除冰装置,采用实验的方法研究了不同加热模式、冷却时间、加热功率和冰脱落对传热特性的影响。研究表明：设置合理的冷却时间和加热功率,采用高功率的周期性加热模式比采用低功率的连续性加热模式更优越,不仅除冰时间更少,而且能量消耗也更少,从而为电热除冰系统加热模式的选取和传热特性的优化提供了实验依据。     

一种“速度+姿态”传递对准方法的半实物仿真

本文运用分段线性定常系统（PWCS）可观测性矩阵及其奇异值分解法（SVD）,对时变系统的可观测性与可观测度进行了定性及定量分析。通过系统仿真和实测离线数据证实了“速度+姿态”传递对准匹配方法的有效性。试验结果表明,在10s内水平对准精度达到0.5mrad以内,航向对准精度达到1.0mrad以内。