XMM-Newton observations of low luminosity Be/X-ray candidates

A small number of early Be stars exhibit X-ray luminosities intermediate between those typical of early type stars and those radiated by Be/X-ray binaries in the quiescent state. We report on XMM-Newton observations of two such Be stars, HD 161103 and SAO 49725 which were originally discovered in a systematic cross-correlation between the ROSAT all-sky survey and SIMBAD. The new observations confirm the X-ray luminosity detected by ROSAT (L_X  10³² erg s⁻¹) and the hardness of their X-ray spectra (thin thermal with kT  8–10 keV or power law with photon index of 1.7) which are both unusual for normal early type stars. We discuss the possible origin of this excess X-ray emission in the light of the models proposed for γ-Cas, magnetic disc-star interaction or accretion onto a compact companion object, neutron star or white dwarf, and compare the properties of these two sources with those of the new massive systems discovered in the XMM- Newton/SSC survey of the Galactic plane.     

三维PIV原理及其实现方法

粒子图像测量技术(PIV)在现代流场测量中发挥了重要作用,是流场测速研究的发展方向之一.随着二维PIV日益完善,新课题对流场测速技术提出更高的要求,推动了三维PIV的深入研究,但该技术的复杂性使得流场的三维速度测量更为困难.笔者以PIV技术为对象,重点阐述基于针孔相机模型的三维PIV原理和实现方法,并探讨了三维PIV研究工作的若干进展.     

涡扇发动机轴对称分开和混合排气系统红外辐射特征的对比

用数值模拟的方法对比研究了涡扇发动机轴对称分开和混合排气系统的红外辐射特征.排气系统的流场采用商业软件进行模拟,红外辐射特征采用根据反向蒙特卡洛法自主开发的软件进行计算,计算分析了两种排气系统在3~5μm波段红外辐射的空间分布以及喷管内不同固体部件在探测方向上的辐射贡献.在红外辐射特征计算过程中,考虑了喷管内壁的发射和反射以及燃气组分二氧化碳、水和一氧化碳的吸收-发射等影响.结果表明:两种排气系统红外辐射的空间分布特性不同;混合排气喷管的积分辐射强度在方位角为0°~10°时大于分开排气喷管,在其他方位角范围内均小于分开排气喷管.      

个性化光盘的制作

随着计算机的普及和信息社会的到来，越来越多的人需要自刻光盘，以实现文档的保存和拷贝。本文便是向读者介绍一些个性化光盘的制作方法，其中包括：光盘启动功能——用于按照个人偏好安装系统；光盘主程序自动运行功能——用于软件安装程序的自启动；光驱图标修改方法——使光驱图标个性化；光盘加密——实现光盘文件的保密等。     

基于IBC方法的旋翼BVI噪声主动控制机理

为揭示单片桨叶控制(IBC)主动控制技术抑制旋翼桨-涡干扰(BVI)噪声的降噪机理,建立了一套基于CFD/CSD/FW-H_pds方程的综合噪声分析方法。旋翼桨-涡干扰噪声与旋翼桨叶载荷特性、气动变形以及旋翼桨尖涡结构等密切相关,为有效模拟旋翼桨叶的载荷特性及桨尖涡结构,将Navier-Stokes方程作为前飞流场的主控方程,空间离散上采用三阶MUSCL插值格式与通量差分裂Roe格式相结合;时间方向上采用双时间法,使用隐式LU-SGS格式在伪时间方向上进行推进;湍流模型采用对分离流动具有较好捕捉能力的Spalart-Allmaras模型。为提高旋翼桨叶弹性变形运动的模拟精度,建立了基于Hamilton变分原理的CSD模型,并与高精度的CFD求解器结合,发展了适合旋翼桨叶变形及载荷特性模拟的流固耦合分析方法。在CFD/CSD耦合方法分析流场基础上,使用可穿透空间积分面的FW-H_pds方法对旋翼气动噪声特性进行计算。首先,对流场及噪声数值方法进行验证;然后,着重针对UH-60A旋翼的斜下降飞行状态,分别对有/无IBC噪声主动控制条件下的旋翼BVI气动噪声特性进行了模拟,相位角、幅值和频率等不同控制参数的影响对比分析结果表明:IBC主动控制减小了前行侧桨叶表面尤其是桨叶尖部的负压峰值,降低了桨-涡干扰发生位置附近的桨叶气动载荷;同时主动控制后的桨尖涡集中程度变弱,并且增加了桨叶与桨尖涡之间的相遇距离,从而显著降低了桨-涡干扰噪声;选取合理的相位角、幅值和频率等主动控制参数组合,BVI噪声降低可达5~7dB。     

独立桨叶变距对旋翼振动载荷影响规律分析

独立桨叶控制技术(Individual blade control,IBC)能够改善旋翼气动环境,降低桨毂振动载荷。本文采用Leishman-Beddoes动态失速模型和动态入流模型计算旋翼非定常气流下的气动响应;通过动力学软件ADAMS建立旋翼气弹动力学模型计算桨毂载荷;在周期变距基础上施加二阶和三阶谐波变距进行控制仿真,研究独立桨叶高阶谐波变距对桨毂载荷减振作用的规律。仿真结果表明,通过改变相应变距谐波的幅值和相位,能够使得振动水平大幅降低并达到最优。     

On the 3D structure of the nebula around η-Carinae

The asymmetric shape of the nebula around η-Carinae (Homunculus) can be explained by a spherical expansion in a non-homogeneous medium. Two models are analyzed: an exponential and an inverse power law dependence for the density as a function of distance from the equatorial plane. The presence of a medium with variable density along the polar direction progressively converts the original spherical shell into a bipolar nebula. In the case of the nebula around η-Carinae, we know the time elapsed since the great outburst in 1840. An exact match between observed radii and velocities can be obtained by fine tuning the parameters involved, such as initial radius, initial velocity and the typical scale that characterizes the gradient in density. The observed radius and velocity of the Homunculus as a function of the polar angle in spherical coordinates can be compared with the corresponding simulated data by introducing the efficiency in a single or multiple directions. Once the 3D spatial structure of the Homunculus is obtained, we can compose the image by integrating along the line of sight. In order to simulate the observed image, we have considered a bipolar nebula with constant thickness and an optically thin emitting layer. Some simulated cuts of the relative intensity are reported and may represent a useful reference for the astronomical cuts.     

The peculiar X-ray source in NGC 5281

Recent observations with Chandra and XMM-Newton   have shown that the X-ray source 1WGA J1346.5–6255 is associated with the Be star HD 119682, a member of the open cluster NGC 5281, and displays all the characteristics of the new class of X-ray sources known as γ$\mathrm{\gamma }$-Cas analogues. We present a detailed spectroscopic study of this open cluster, finding an age of 40 Myr and a sequence of evolved stars. These results imply that HD 119682 is a blue straggler in NGC 5281, as it is much more massive than any other cluster member, and its membership is strongly suggested by proper motion analysis. This is the second γ$\mathrm{\gamma }$-Cas analogue found to be blue straggler in an open cluster, suggesting that evolution plays a role in the formation of these systems and that a supernova explosion has not occurred in them.     

基于健康监测的飞机结构寿命预测技术

飞机结构健康监测技术在飞机的结构设计、飞行及维护过程中发挥着重要作用,该技术可用于结构健康状况预判、辅助维修与维护决策。本文首先介绍了当前结构健康监测的概念及其适用范围,讨论了结构健康监测相关规范要求,以F-35 和A400M 为例分析了国外飞机结构健康监测技术的典型工程案例,并给出了典型飞机单机跟踪和寿命控制、某老龄飞机载荷谱实测及寿命预测,讨论了基于裂纹的监测方法研究及限制其应用的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了飞机结构健康监测系统设计的主要思路,给出了寿命预计的基本流程,阐述了其中控制点选择、飞参筛选、载荷/应变方程构建、损伤计算及寿命评估、结果输出及方程验证等主要环节。最后,对航空领域未来开展结构健康监测智能化研究进行了展望。