垂直于流向的截面中2D-PIV测量误差分析

常规二维粒子图像测速技术（2D-PIV）作为重要的流场测试手段,被越来越多地应用到各种类型的流场测量中。然而采用该技术对垂直于流向的截面进行测量时会产生明显误差,该误差是由2D-PIV原理中几何透视成像关系引起。本文分析了测量截面内有法向速度分量时透视误差产生原因及影响因素,建立了2D-PIV测量平面内的误差模型。通过实验测试验证了误差模型的正确性,确定了影响测量误差的关键参数为测量平面的法向速度和视场的离轴角。计算结果显示,最大透视误差可达法向速度的9.3%。根据误差模型进行分析,透视误差对流向涡类流场测量的影响主要为3个方面：改变流场速度量值大小、改变旋涡形状、改变旋涡的位置。最后,提出了一些减小误差的措施,为2D-PIV应用于垂直流向截面的测量提供了改进方法。     

先进战斗机寿命设计与延寿技术发展综述

轻质长寿命一直是飞机结构强度设计所追求的目标,也是一代又一代结构强度工作者所面临的永恒主题。随着国内外航空工业的发展、疲劳设计理论以及现役飞机延寿工程的开展,飞机寿命设计与延寿技术取得了快速发展。本文从20世纪60年代飞机设计中引入疲劳设计开始,以疲劳设计准则的发展为主线,对分散系数的确定、载荷谱编制技术、飞机寿命设计与延寿技术、日历寿命评定、单机寿命监控等技术的形成与发展进行综合论述。有成功的经验,也有失败的教训,从实践中发展出疲劳设计的理论体系、分析方法与规范标准,带来了飞机设计寿命指标的不断提升,保障服役飞机的飞行使用安全。提出耐久性/损伤容限设计思想是目前及未来飞机长寿命设计及延寿的主要设计思想,全尺寸耐久性/损伤容限试验是飞机定寿、延寿最主要的技术途径,结构细节设计、耐久性预防性修理以及单机寿命监控也是确保长寿命设计指标实现和现役飞机延寿成功不可或缺的技术手段。     

基于系统工程的飞机系统架构设计过程

随着电子化和集成化程度越来越高,现代飞机系统架构设计中出现越来越多的综合性问题,业界提出了体系性的飞机系统架构设计要求,包括系统工程过程要求、适航条款对架构设计的约束要求、高安全性设计要求等,但缺乏规范的、可落实的飞机系统架构设计过程.针对这个问题,提出了"基于系统工程的飞机系统架构设计过程",并引入了多视角策略(功能...     

Morphological Structure and Chemical Composition of Cometary Nuclei and Dust

The chemical composition of comet nuclei derived from current data on interstellar dust ingredients and comet dust and coma molecules are shown to be substantially consistent with each other in both refractory and volatile components. When limited by relative cosmic abundances the water in comet nuclei is constrained to be close to 30% by mass and the refractory to volatile ratio is close to 1:1. The morphological structure of comet nuclei, as deduced from comet dust infrared continuum and spectral emission properties, is described by a fluffy (porous) aggregate of tenth micron silicate core-organic refractory mantle particle on which outer mantles of predominantly H₂O ices contain embedded carbonaceous and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) type particles of size in the of 1 - 10nm range. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于Webservice的个别指导式远程学习软件及知识设计策略

建构个别指导式远程学习软件的系统模型,根据认知心理学领域,知识分为陈述性知识和程序性知识,主要讨论知识库模型中,针对不同的知识选择不同的设计策略,以增加软件的可读性,使学生能进行高效率地学习.     

The Chemical Composition of Interstellar Matter at the Solar Location

The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC) surrounds the Solar System and sets the boundary conditions for the heliosphere. Using both in situ and absorption line data towards ε CMa we are able to constrain both the ionization and the gas phase abundances of the LIC gas at the Solar Location. We find that the abundances are consistent with all of the carbonaceous dust grains having been destroyed, and in fact with a supersolar abundance of C. The constituents of silicate grains, Si, Mg, and Fe, appear to be sub-solar, indicating that silicate dust is present in the LIC. N, O and S are close to the solar values.     

温州合作经济组织运行机制探讨

温州中小微观经济个体的强大市场竞争力与合作经济组织在其中的关键作用密切相关。温州合作经济组织的形成从宏观角度来说是区域内的地理环境条件、资源禀赋以及历史文化条件共同促进的结果，从微观经济个体角度而言与竞争压力、集群合作效应、赚钱效应有关。温州合作经济组织的运行机制包括互补性机制、交易费用机制、知识外溢与共享机制、创新机制和信任机制。温州合作经济组织对温州经济发展起到了强有力的推进作用，主要表现在：（1）龙头微观经济个体的带动作用。（2）行业自律管理作用。（3）集体开拓市场作用。（4）政府与微观经济个体问的“黏合剂”作用。（5）维权服务作用。     

Combining Locations from Working Memory and Long-Term Memory into a Common Spatial Image

Abstract

This research uses a novel integration paradigm to investigate whether target locations read in from long-term memory (LTM) differ from perceptually encoded inputs in spatial working-memory (SWM) with respect to systematic spatial error and/or noise, and whether SWM can simultaneously encompass both of these sources. Our results provide evidence for a composite representation of space in SWM derived from both perception and LTM, albeit with a loss in spatial precision of locations retrieved from LTM. More generally, the data support the concept of a spatial image in working memory and extend its potential sources to representations retrieved from LTM.     

Possible Suzaku detection of non-thermal X-ray signals from a rotating magnetized white dwarf

Although rotating neutron stars (NSs) have been regarded as being textbook examples of astrophysical particle acceleration sites for decades, details of the acceleration mechanism remain a mystery; for example, we cannot yet observationally distinguish “polar cap” models from “outer gap” models. To solve the model degeneracy, it is useful to study similar systems with much different physical parameters. Strongly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs) are ideal for this purpose, because they have essentially the same system geometry as NSs, but differ largely from NSs in the system parameters, including the size, magnetic field, and the rotation velocity, with the induced electric field expected to reach 10¹³–10¹⁴ eV. Based on this idea, the best candidate among WDs, AE Aquarii, was observed with the fifth Japaneses X-ray satellite, Suzaku. The hard X-ray detector (HXD) on-board Suzaku has the highest sensitivity in the hard X-ray band over 10 keV. A marginal detection in the hard X-ray band was achieved with the HXD, and was separated from the thermal emission. The flux corresponds to about 0.02% of its spin-down energy. If the signal is real, this observation must be a first case of the detection of non-thermal emission from WDs.     

民生视域下的河南省城区经济竞争力研究

基于民生视域构建出城区经济竞争力评价指标体系,运用熵值法确定指标权重,计算河南省17个地级市50个城区经济竞争力指数,并对评价结果进行分析.研究表明,大部分城区经济的竞争力指数偏低；城区之间的竞争力水平差距巨大；城区经济总量与综合竞争力之间存在偏差；城区经济竞争力强的城市,其综合竞争力也强.最后,为提高城区竞争力水平进而实现城市可持续发展提出对策建议.