冲压发动机燃烧室壳体静热试验局部失稳变形分析

对静热试验中某发动机燃烧室壳体的局部失稳变形的试验现象进行了描述,为探究其失稳变形产生的机理,对试验测得的温度数据和应力数据进行了分析,并对静热联合作用下的应力分布进行了有限元的计算,找到了引起静热联合试验中燃烧室壳体产生局部失稳变形的主要原因,并给出了解决该类问题的几点建议。     

富油燃烧-猝熄-贫油燃烧燃烧室技术分析

富油燃烧-猝熄-贫油燃烧（RQL）燃烧室是近年低污染燃烧室的研究热点,是实现航空发动机减少氮氧化物（NOx）排放的最基本的燃烧策略之一。总结了RQL燃烧室的特点,并针对RQL燃烧室设计理念提出了可借鉴与启迪之处。     

A physical interpretation of the jet-like X-ray emission from supernova remnant W49B

In the framework of the study of supernova remnants and their complex interaction with the interstellar medium and the circumstellar material, we focus on the galactic supernova remnant W49B. Its morphology exhibits an X-ray bright elongated nebula, terminated on its eastern end by a sharp perpendicular structure aligned with the radio shell. The X-ray spectrum of W49B is characterized by strong K emission lines from Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe. There is a variation of the temperature in the remnant with the highest temperature found in the eastern side and the lowest one in the western side. The analysis of the recent observations of W49B indicates that the remnant may be the result of an asymmetric bipolar explosion where the ejecta are collimated along a jet-like structure and the eastern jet is hotter and more Fe-rich than the western one. Another possible scenario associates the X-ray emission with a spherical explosion where parts of the ejecta are interacting with a dense belt of ambient material. To overcome this ambiguity we present new results of the analysis of an XMM-Newton observation and we perform estimates of the mass and energy of the remnant. We conclude that the scenario of an anisotropic jet-like explosion explains quite naturally our observation results, but the association of W49B with a hypernova and a γ-ray burst, although still possible, is not directly supported by any evidence.     

浅议我国个人所得税实施中存在的问题及解决对策

个人所得税在调节个人收入、增加财政收入、维护国家权益等方面发挥了积极作用,但是随着我国经济的发展,在实施个人所得税中也逐渐暴露出一些问题。本文针对这些问题,进行了深刻的分析,并提出了解决的对策。     

基于中心分级的高温升燃烧室性能预估

针对高推质比航空发动机高温升燃烧室的需求,提出一种中心分级燃烧室的设计方案,在保证与现有单环腔燃烧室扩压器尺寸、外机匣最大直径及燃烧室出口尺寸相同的情况下,对设计模型进行了三维数值模拟,并与现有的单环腔燃烧室数值模拟结果及试验结果进行了对比分析.研究结果表明:采用中心分级燃烧室,在获得更高温升的同时,可获得比单环腔燃烧室更高的总压恢复系数和比单环腔燃烧室更低的燃烧室出口温度分布系数(OTDF),其慢车工况下的CO排放和NO排放略高于单环腔燃烧室;在设计总油气比为0.045的情况下,温升可达1360K,总压恢复系数大于等于0.96,OTDF小于等于0.14,出口径向温度分布系数(RTDF)小于等于0.10,燃烧效率大于等于0.987.     

乙烯简化化学动力学模型在HIFiRE燃烧室计算中的应用

为评估化学反应动力学模型对超燃冲压发动机计算结果的影响,首先利用基于"准稳态"假设方法建立了复杂化学反应动力学模型简化软件包(SPARCK),从详细模型出发得到了一个包含20组分16步总包反应的乙烯简化动力学模型.然后采用该简化模型和Princeton大学的简化模型对乙烯点火延迟时间进行了计算,对比显示两个简化模型计算结果基本一致,与实验测量结果均吻合较好,都能准确反映乙烯点火特性.但对HIFiRE燃烧室直连式实验的数值模拟结果显示两个模型计算得到的燃烧流场静温分布差别较大,内流道推力性能相差近12%.相比于Princeton大学的简化模型,SPARCK软件得到的简化模型计算的壁面压力分布与实验结果吻合更好,能够准确描述燃烧室流场现象.     

合成气旋流预混燃烧的大涡模拟

如何高效洁净地燃烧合成气是整体煤气化联合循环(IGcc)系统中面临的主要问题.利用旋流贫燃预混燃烧可以达到强化传热传质,提高燃烧反应效率,降低NOx等目的,但由于合成气中所含有的H2成分,同样面临燃烧不稳定问题.为了对合成气旋流预混燃烧室的燃烧不稳定性及污染物排放提供理论和数值上的指导,采用大涡模拟方法,对典型的旋流预混燃烧室中的合成气燃烧进行了模拟.结果显示,随着H2含量的增加,火焰缩短向上游发展,燃烧室下游涡破碎更加集中.较高的入口雷诺数,加剧了涡团破碎的程度和速度,同时影响中心回流区和几何回流区的大小及分布.随着当量比的减小,火焰褶皱程度加大,燃烧趋向不稳定.增大压力火焰长度会明显缩短,NOx排放量也会随之增大,但NOx的反应速率只有在较低压力下才会对压力变化比较敏感.     

Experimental study of entrainment phenomenon in a trapped vortex combustor

Trapped vortex combustor (TVC) is an advanced low-pollution gas turbine combustor, with the adoption of staged combustion technique. To achieve low-pollutant emission and better combustion performance, the proportion of the air flow in each combustion zone should be precisely determined in the design of the combustor. Due to the presence of entrainment phenomenon, the total air flow in the cavity zone is difficult to estimate. To overcome the measurement difficulty, this study adopts the indirect measurement approach in the experimental research of entrainment phenomenon in the cavity. In accordance with the measurement principle, a TVC model fueled by methane is designed. Under two experimental conditions, i.e. with and without direct air intake in the cavity, the influence of the mainstream air flow velocity, the air intake velocity in the cavity, the height of inlet channel, the structure of holder and the structural proportion of the cavity on entrainment in the cavity is studied, respectively, through experiment at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results suggest that the air flow velocity of mainstream, the air intake velocity of the cavity and the structure of the holder exert significant influence on the air entrainment, while the influence of structural proportion of the cavity is comparatively insignificant. The square root of momentum ratio of cavity air to mainstream air could be used to analyze the correlation of the entrainment data.     

双燃烧室冲压发动机超声速混合层混合增强数值研究

研究了具有双燃烧室冲压发动机超声速燃烧室工程背景的特定超声速混合层的混合增强措施——低速流入口加入沿流向振荡.研究结果表明:它对二维混合层的混合增强效果明显,加振荡后流场燃烧强度加大,但仍属于较弱燃烧强度;振荡频率决定着涡量聚集区域的位置和大小,振幅决定着涡量分配和聚集的均匀程度.