New insights into SNR evolution revealed by the discovery of recombining plasmas

We report the discovery of recombining plasmas in three supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite. During SNR’s evolution, the expanding supernova ejecta and the ambient matter are compressed and heated by the reverse and forward shocks to form an X-ray emitting hot plasma. Since ionization proceeds slowly compared to shock heating, most young or middle-aged SNRs have ionizing (underionized) plasmas. Owing to high sensitivity of Suzaku, however, we have detected radiative recombination continua (RRCs) from the SNRs IC 443, W49B, and G359.1–0.5. The presence of the strong RRC is the definitive evidence that the plasma is recombining (overionized). As a possible origin of the overionization, an interaction between the ejecta and dense circumstellar matter is proposed; the highly ionized gas was made at the initial phase of the SNR evolution in dense regions, and subsequent rapid adiabatic expansion caused sudden cooling of the electrons. The analysis on the full X-ray band spectrum of IC 443, which is newly presented in this paper, provides a consistent picture with this scenario. We also comment on the implications from the fact that all the SNRs having recombining plasmas are correlated with the mixed-morphology class.     

LEAP-X发动机的创新性技术

LEAP—X发动机是CFM国际公司研发的新一代发动机，采用了许多先进技术。本文就LEAP-X发动机的先进技术创新做一概括性分析。供相关人士参考。     

主燃孔位置对基于RQL高温升燃烧室流动与燃烧特性影响的数值模拟

为将富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧（RQL）用于高温升燃烧室设计，以实现温升与排放的良好统一，对不同主燃孔位置下 的单头部矩形燃烧室流动、淬熄区气流混合、燃烧和排放特性进行数值模拟。结果表明：燃烧室中心回流区的长度和高度随着主 燃孔轴向距离的增大而增大。随着主燃孔轴向距离的增大，主燃孔射流深度增加，射流角度逐渐向下游偏转，导致淬熄区内气流 的混合效果减弱；随着主燃孔位置的后移，富油区内的当量比显著增大，导致CO和碳烟的生成量迅速增加，淬熄区内的沿程高温 区域面积逐渐缩小，燃烧效率逐渐降低。当X/H=0.7时，燃烧室沿程NO生成量始终处在较大值；而当X/H=0.9时，燃烧室沿程NO 生成量始终处于较小值，但CO的生成量增大。     

A multi-epoch study of the C IV absorption variability in the broad absorption line quasar APM 08279+5255

Broad absorption line (BAL) variability potentially represents a powerful tool to investigate the physical nature and the structure of gas outflows in active galactic nuclei. Most existing BAL variability studies rely on observations taken at a few epochs for samples of tens of BAL QSOs. In this study we present the first “monitoring” of a single object, APM 08279+5255, which has been observed more than 20 times since 2003. All available spectra from the literature have also been analysed, including two high resolution spectra, extending the time interval from 1998 to 2012. A relative stability of the shape of the absorption profile is found. At the same time significant variations of the equivalent width are observed. A correlation of the BAL equivalent width with the QSO luminosity is found for the first time. These results suggest that changes in the ionisation state of the gas are causing opacity changes.     

Optical/infrared observations unveiling the formation,nature and evolution of High-Mass X-ray Binaries

In this review I first describe the nature of the three kinds of High-Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXBs), accreting through: (i) Be circumstellar disc, (ii) supergiant stellar wind, and (iii) Roche lobe filling supergiants.     

Learning Routes from Visualizations for Indoor Wayfinding: Presentation Modes and Individual Differences

Abstract

Participants (N = 78) studied a visualization of a route through a complex building and walked that route in the real building without further assistance. Erroneous turns on the route as well as indicators of uncertainty such as hesitations were assessed. Three types of route visualizations were compared: (1) an allocentric, map-based visualization with the route indicated in floor maps, (2) an ordered sequence of pictures of decision points shown from the egocentric perspective, and (3) an animation showing a virtual walk of the route from the egocentric perspective. In addition to the experimental variation, gender differences, differences in visual-spatial abilities and differences in self-reported wayfinding strategies were considered as predictor variables. Wayfinding performance did not differ between allocentric (map) and egocentric (decision point pictures and animation) visualizations. However, wayfinding performance was better with animated than with static egocentric visualizations. Individual differences in the ability to encode visual-spatial information from the visualization played a critical role for route learning. Self-reported sense of direction related to egocentric wayfinding strategies also predicted wayfinding performance. Gender differences were attributable to differences in visual-spatial abilities and egocentric wayfinding strategies. Interactions between visualizations and individual differences were not found. It is concluded that animations of virtual walks are suitable to convey route information in complex buildings. Successful acquisition of route knowledge from maps is possible but might depend on the comprehensibility of the structure of the building.     

First millimetric detections of AE Aquarii

We report the first millimetric detections of the magnetic cataclysmic variable AE Aquarii, accompanied by contemporaneous microwave observations. These data show that the time-averaged spectrum is well fit by a power-law which extends to mm wavelengths. We suggest that the spectrum is consistent with that expected from a superposition of flare-like events.     

情报研究成果的AHP-F评价

本文采用层次分析法与模糊数学综合译判法相结合的方法——AHP-F法,提出了综合情报评判研究成果指标体系和方法,旨在实现对情报研究成果的科学有效的管理。     

《三国演义》文化意义之批判--从魏延的塑造看作者的文化倾向

本从对魏延这一悲剧人物作化背景下的反思入手,认为作在封建化传统的禁锢之下对政治伦理和道德伦理的自觉维护,不仅是形成魏延悲剧结局的重要原因,更是《三国演义》无法超越的化局限,这种化倾局导致作品化意义上的消极化：扩张人伦关系对抗现实实存性的作用,剥夺人的个性自由,否定人的本质力量。     

个人诚信体系及其框架研究

个人诚信体系是信用体系的重要构成部分，对一个国家的金融和经济安全，以及促进消费增长发挥着重要作用。我国建立个人诚信体系可以扩大内需，防范和化解信用风险、金融风险，促进现代市场信用体系的完善。文章提出了我国建立个人诚信的框架体系。