非平稳信号特征提取在航空发动机故障诊断中的应用

在航空发动机早期故障诊断中,特征提取是早期诊断的重要过程之一.文中以航空发动机转子故障为研究对象,给出了基于经验模式分解、小波分析为核心的故障特征提取方法,并作了针对性的比较研究.在matlab7.0环境下开发了一个故障特征提取软件系统.研究结果表明:基于经验模式分解的时频分析方法可以很有效地提取到非平稳故障特征信号,是一种适合于非线性信号处理的方法.     

鲁棒故障诊断中特征结构配置的有关问题

讨论了用于故障检测的特征结构配置方法，给出了特征结构设计的必要条件。此外，还讨论对加权矩阵与增益矩阵的最优鲁棒设计问题，提出了一种直接的、降秩逼近的设计方案，指出了Ｐａｔｔｏｎ的设计方案有可能实现不了的原因，并举例给予验证。     

多维数据表的动素分解,合成和向前推测

多维数据瑗态规律的研究焦点，集中在如何克服其数据规模庞大的困难，并同时保护数据系统一性质。对此，本文提出了多维数据分解与合成理论，在对动素间的协调性，动素合成方式以及动素分解完备性进行论述和理论证明的基础上，给出了多维动态数据表向前推测的工作步骤。该方法将手推测数据系统主要特征的变化规律，来实现对多维数据表的整体预测，这将使多维数气压 表推测过程更为简捷，直观和有效。     

九自由度运动模拟器相对位置精度分析与指标分解

摘要： 九自由度运动模拟器是标定航天器交会对接GNC子系统中交会对接光学成像敏感器（CRDS）的关键设备,具有较高的相对位置精度要求.以此为出发点,对影响系统综合指标的误差组成进行系统性分析.梳理各误差分量的关系及相互作用原理,建立误差模型,通过对系统综合指标进行合理的分解与分配,最终使九自由度运动模拟器系统精度达到设计要求.     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

改进暗通道遥感影像去雾方法及效果分析

遥感影像的预处理工作是遥感数据应用的基础。去除云雾是影像预处理工作的重要组成部分。针对遥感影像雾霾浓度分布不均匀的问题,提出一种改进的暗通道遥感影像去雾方法。以"高分一号"(GF-1)卫星为例,根据影像灰度图中的灰度值对影像雾霾浓度区域进行划分,对每个区域中暗原色值的获取方式进行改进,使用导向滤波优化大气传输率,以归一化植被指数(NDVI)为基础,设计用于评价影像去雾质量的定量指标。结果表明:所提出的方法能明显去除雾霾干扰,有效改善卫星影像数据的视觉效果,增强影像细节。该方法去雾处理后的遥感数据能应用于定量遥感,提高遥感影像的可用性及有效性。     

基于HyperFLOW平台的客机标模CHN-T1气动性能预测及可信度研究

近年来,针对实际飞行器外形的CFD气动性能预测及可信度研究逐步得到重视,国内也召开了第一届航空CFD可信度研讨会(AeCW-1)。本文首先基于自主研发的CFD软件平台HyperFLOW对NACA0012翼型低速绕流进行了网格收敛性研究,验证了软件对简单湍流问题的模拟能力且具备良好的网格收敛性。其次,针对AeCW-1提供的客机标模CHN-T1,选用其中的两个算例:(1)定升力系数的网格收敛性研究;(2)考虑模型支撑和模型静气动弹性变形的抖振特性研究,研究了计算结果的网格收敛性及模型支撑、静气动弹性变形和湍流模型等对气动特性预测精度的影响。结果表明:观测精度阶和网格收敛性指数显示数值结果具有良好的网格收敛性和可信度;是否考虑模型支撑对力矩的预测精度影响较大,引入尾撑和弹性变形后,数值结果与实验结果吻合较好;对于CHN-T1标模,采用QCR关系式对原始SA模型进行修正对标模力矩特性有一定影响。     

基于MED和LMD的自动倾斜器轴承广义Shannon熵谱分析

针对轴承信号微弱故障特征易被强背景噪声淹没的问题,提出采用最小熵反褶积,通过逆滤波器最优化设计,对目标信号进行降噪处理,其峭度值提高了约3.8倍,增强了信号的微弱故障特征;针对非平稳非线性信号频率成分复杂难以解调的问题,提出采用局部均值分解(LMD)和峭度-相关系数筛选准则,其可对非平稳非线性信号进行自适应分解和最优重构,提高了信号的信噪比;针对信号耦合调制及边频突出的问题,通过引入广义Shannon熵进行包络谱带内降噪处理,信号一阶故障特征调制频率与故障特征频率的幅度比降低了24%~43%。通过实验室信号及某型直升机自动倾斜器轴承故障诊断地面试验的分析结果验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。      

Online condition diagnosis for a two-stage gearbox machinery of an aerospace utilization system using an ensemble multi-fault features indexing approach

China manned space station is designed to operate for over ten years. Long-term and sustainable research on space science and technology will be conducted during its operation. The application payloads must meet the ‘‘long life and high reliability" mission requirement. Gearbox machinery is one of the essential devices in an aerospace utilization system, failure of which may lead to downtime loss even during some disastrous catastrophes. A fault diagnosis of gearbox has attracted attentions for its significance in preventing catastrophic accidents and guaranteeing sufficient maintenance. A novel fault diagnosis method based on the Ensemble Multi-Fault Features Indexing(EMFFI) approach is proposed for the condition monitoring of gearboxes. Different from traditional methods of signal analysis in the one-dimensional space, this study employs a supervised learning method to determine the faults of a gearbox in a two-dimensional space using the classification model established by training the features extracted automatically from diagnostic vibration signals captured. The proposed method mainly includes the following steps. First, the vibration signals are transformed into a bi-spectrum contour map utilizing bi-spectrum technology,which provides a basis for the following image-based feature extraction. Then, Speeded-Up Robustness Feature(SURF) is applied to automatically extract the image feature points of the bi-spectrum contour map using a multi-fault features indexing theory, and the feature dimension is reduced by Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA). Finally, Random Forest(RF) is introduced to identify the fault types of the gearbox. The test results verify that the proposed method based on the multi-fault features indexing approach achieves the target of high diagnostic accuracy and can serve as a highly effective technique to discover faults in a gearbox machinery such as a two-stage one.     

基于序列工作点的航空发动机过渡态气路分析参数选择研究

为了降低由多工作点分析(MOPA)方法的平均效应所产生的气路分析(GPA)系统误差,提出了基于航空发动机过渡工作过程的序列工作点分析(SOPA)技术,并以此为基础提出了一种系统的气路分析参数选择方法。该方法利用连续小波变换对时间信号的增强解析能力,提取待求健康参数在备选测量传感器上的参数特征,实现了在传感器安装受限条件下必要测量参数的选择。通过对SOPA子系统矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD),获得了在过渡工作过程中不同时间片段上的健康参数可辨识性。针对大涵道比双轴分排涡扇发动机的参数分析结果表明:通过对待求健康参数的敏感性输出信号进行小波分析所确定的最简传感器布局,具备对全部待求健康参数的可辨识性;而以时间片段矩阵的条件数作为判据评估SOPA子系统的参数辨识能力,能够有效地确定具有高可靠性的SOPA时间片段位置,保证了对发动机气路部件健康状态的估计精度。