基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论及其在流体力学中的相关应用

本文将微分几何中光滑曲面上局部存在的基于主方向的正交系联系于张量分析中的非完整基理论,以此为曲面与其邻域上的张量场场论提供了一种新方法,称为基于曲面主方向的正交系的非完整基理论。这种场论方法,基于基面的沿主方向的参数坐标,然后沿基面的法方向进行空间延拓,以此获得基面邻域内的完整的正交系。对此引入非完整基理论,可得所有的非零Christoffel符号直接对应为基面或者当地曲面的主曲率或者测地曲率,因而张量场的各种微分算子相对于曲面的主方向与法方向展开,所得分量表达式仅含物理量与曲面曲率。由此不仅可以清晰地展现曲面几何特征与物理量/物理过程之间的关系,而且所获得的分量表达式形式上最为简单。另一方面,经典的诸如柱坐标系、球坐标系等正交系也隶属基于曲面主方向的正交系,从而本文方法可以统一相关正交系下的张量场场论。作为应用,本文推导了可变形曲面上涡量、涡量法向梯度与变形率张量的表达式,曲面上流体边界层方程的分量方程,曲面介质相关守恒律方程等。     

旋转蛇形通道内换热的非稳态实验

在旋转状态下,研究了涡轮内冷蛇形通道的非稳态换热特性.实验主要针对旋转状态下,通道内流量的变化和系统旋转速度的变化来进行的.结果表明:对于旋转通道的非稳态过程,换热系数的变化呈波动变化过程,且主要发生在实验参数变化的阶段.加速旋转时,角加速度力的作用会加强进气通道前缘面的换热,而降低后缘面的;减速旋转时,情况相反.而且,角加速度力的作用效果容易在旋转开始变化的时刻显现.当旋转速度在2个值之间往复时,换热系数变化呈现滞后环状,旋转速度越高滞后环越大.     

Validation of numerical prediction of dynamic derivatives: The DLR-F12 and the Transcruiser test cases

The dynamic derivatives are widely used in linear aerodynamic models in order to determine the flying qualities of an aircraft: the ability to predict them reliably, quickly and sufficiently early in the design process is vital in order to avoid late and costly component redesigns. This paper describes experimental and computational research dealing with the determination of dynamic derivatives carried out within the FP6 European project SimSAC. Numerical and experimental results are compared for two aircraft configurations: a generic civil transport aircraft, wing-fuselage-tail configuration called the DLR-F12 and a generic Transonic CRuiser, which is a canard configuration. Static and dynamic wind tunnel tests have been carried out for both configurations and are briefly described within this paper. The data generated for both the DLR-F12 and TCR configurations include force and pressure coefficients obtained during small amplitude pitch, roll and yaw oscillations while the data for the TCR configuration also include large amplitude oscillations, in order to investigate the dynamic effects on nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics. In addition, dynamic derivatives have been determined for both configurations with a large panel of tools, from linear aerodynamic (Vortex Lattice Methods) to CFD. This work confirms that an increase in fidelity level enables the dynamic derivatives to be calculated more accurately. Linear aerodynamics tools are shown to give satisfactory results but are very sensitive to the geometry/mesh input data. Although all the quasi-steady CFD approaches give comparable results (robustness) for steady dynamic derivatives, they do not allow the prediction of unsteady components for the dynamic derivatives (angular derivatives with respect to time): this can be done with either a fully unsteady approach i.e. with a time-marching scheme or with frequency domain solvers, both of which provide comparable results for the DLR-F12 test case. As far as the canard configuration is concerned, strong limitations for the linear aerodynamic tools are observed. A key aspect of this work are the acceleration techniques developed for CFD methods, which allow the computational time to be dramatically reduced while providing comparable results.     

基于非结构动网格的非定常流数值模拟方法

给出了基于非结构动网格的非定常流动问题的数值模拟方法,重点说明两种动态非结构网格方法的原理以及在非定常流模拟中的算法.一种是基于非结构网格的重叠网格方法,该方法结合了非结构网格方法和重叠网格方法的优点,以物面距为准则参数对网格节点进行分类,进而建立重叠网格的网格问插值关系,通过采用动态非结构重叠网格算法,可以处理多体间...     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Passive Vortex Generators on Aludra UAV Performance

A study of the effects of passive vortex generators (VGs) on Aludra unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerodynamic characteristics is presented. Both experimental and numerical works are carried out where an array of VGs is attached on Aludra UAV’s wing. The flow measurements are made at various angles of attack by using 3-axis component balance system. In the numerical investigation, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) code FLUENT 6.3TM is used in the simulations with fully structured mesh with Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model and standard wall function. The comparison between the experimental and numerical results reveals a satisfactory agreement. The parametric study shows that higher maximum lift coefficient is achieved when the VGs are placed nearer to the separation point. In addition to this, shorter spanwise distance between the VGs also increases the maximum lift coefficient, rectangular and curve-edge VG performs better than triangular VG.     

环下润滑结构内部流动分析和收油叶片结构优化研究

为了研究环下润滑结构内部流动并优化收油叶片结构,根据环下润滑结构内部高转速、强旋流的流动特点建立了数值计算模型,分析了原始结构的油气两相流动并总结了滑油的损失机理,在此基础上提出收油叶片的优化改进结构,详细讨论了不同收油叶片结构对环下润滑内部流动和收油效率的影响规律。研究结果表明,原始结构中滑油冲击主轴产生的碰撞飞溅和在离心作用下沿收油叶片被向外甩出均是引起收油效率下降的原因;优化收油叶片结构后的气流速度在叶尖附近的最大增加幅度不超过4m/s;收油叶片叶根拐角处采用圆弧过渡且叶根延伸后的收油效率仅在低转速范围内略高于原始结构的收油效率,收油效率最大提升了1.03%;在此基础上增加阶梯结构并进一步延伸叶根后可在全部转速范围内提升收油效率,相对原始结构的收油效率最大可提升接近5.0%。     

CFD在舰船甲板流场计算与特性研究中的应用

本文通过运用CFD技术数值模拟舰船的运动,来求解各种舰桥风速和风向下的甲板流场。建立了某型舰船的物理模型和外流场网格,给出了甲板流场的结果矢量图,并与试验结果进行对比分析,得出流场规律,为直升机在甲板上的安全起降提供技术支持。     

Flow field and pressure loss analysis of junction and its structure optimization of aircraft hydraulic pipe system

The flow field in junction is complicated due to the ripple property of oil flow velocity and different frequencies of two pumps in aircraft. In this study, the flow fields of T-junction and Y-junction were analyzed using shear stress transport (SST) model in ANSYS/CFX software. The simulation results identified the variation rule of velocity peak in T-junction with different frequencies and phase-differences, meanwhile, the eddy and velocity shock existed in the corner of the T-junction, and the limit working state was obtained. Although the eddy disappeared in Y-junction, the velocity shock and pressure loss were still too big. To address these faults, an arc-junction was designed. Based on the flow fields of arc-junction, the eddy in the junction corner disappeared and the maximum of velocity peak declined compared to T-and Y-junction. Additionally, 8 series of arc-junction with different radiuses were tested to get the variation rule of velocity peak. Through the computation of the pressure loss of three junctions, the arc-junction had a lowest loss value, and its pressure loss reached the minimum value when the curvature radius is 35.42 mm, meanwhile, the velocity shock has decreased in a low phase.     

在轨流体管理技术进展和关键技术分析

综述了国外在轨流体管理技术的发展现状与趋势，分析了低温流体长期在轨贮存、在轨加注、空间流体生产等主要技术，并提出了在轨流体管理中需突破的关键技术难题。     

输流管的参数共振及共振响应的数值模拟与分析

研究了两端铰支输流管道在脉动内流作用下的参数共振问题。用数值方法分析了各种参数共振的响应曲线，其存在区域以及响应频率与脉动流频率之间的关系。研究结果发现，组合共振区域内发生两种不同的拟周期运动和组合周期运动。而且第一振型次谐波共振曲线延伸到组合共振区域。因此，在同一脉动频率下存在可发生多种不同运动的参数区域。