某型号固体火箭发动机点火过程的数值模拟

采用端面燃烧的固体火箭发动机点火初期形成的受限冷喷流流场，采用简化模型，从曲线坐标下的非定常薄层近似Ｎ－Ｓ方程出发，用新型的ＥＮＯ差分格式，进行了数值模拟；定性地研究了点火药喷流与主装药形状的相互影响，在此基础上提出设计中应该注意的问题。     

COMPARISON OF THE EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF VORTEX CONTROL BY DEFLECTING FLAPS ON A HIGHLY SWEPT DELTA WING

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Analysis on capabilities of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM to distinguish aerothermal variables in difusion boundary layer

Open source feld operation and manipulation（OpenFOAM）is one of the most prevalent open source computational fluid dynamics（CFD）software.It is very convenient for researchers to develop their own codes based on the class library toolbox within OpenFOAM.In recent years,several density-based solvers within OpenFOAM for supersonic/hypersonic compressible flow are coming up.Although the capabilities of these solvers to capture shock wave have already been verifed by some researchers,these solvers still need to be validated comprehensively as commercial CFD software.In boundary layer where diffusion is the dominant transportation manner,the convective discrete schemes＇capability to capture aerothermal variables,such as temperature and heat flux,is different from each other due to their own numerical dissipative characteristics and from viewpoint of this capability,these compressible solvers within OpenFOAM can be validated further.In this paper,frstly,the organizational architecture of density-based solvers within OpenFOAM is analyzed.Then,from the viewpoint of the capability to capture aerothermal variables,the numerical results of several typical geometrical felds predicted by these solvers are compared with both the outcome obtained from the commercial software Fastran and the experimental data.During the computing process,the Roe,AUSM＋（Advection Upstream Splitting Method）,and HLLC（Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact）convective discrete schemes of which the spatial accuracy is 1st and 2nd order are utilized,respectively.The compared results show that the aerothermal variables are in agreement with results generated by Fastran and the experimental data even if the1st order spatial precision is implemented.Overall,the accuracy of these density-based solvers can meet the requirement of engineering and scientifc problems to capture aerothermal variables in diffusion boundary layer.     

基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展

基于高可信度计算流体力学的数值优化设计方法，在提高飞行器气动与综合性能方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于代理模型的优化算法（SBO），由于能够实现高效全局优化，逐渐成为了气动优化设计领域的研究热点之一。近20年来，代理优化算法研究已取得了长足进步，多种先进的新型代理模型被提出，优化理论和算法也不断完善和发展。以飞行器精细化气动优化设计为背景，综述了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展。首先，介绍了基于变可信度代理模型的气动优化设计方法、结合代理模型和伴随方法的气动优化设计方法以及基于非生物进化的并行气动优化设计方法的研究现状和最新进展。然后，针对飞行器气动优化设计学科领域的前沿问题，介绍了基于代理模型的多目标气动优化设计方法、混合反设计/优化设计方法、稳健气动优化设计方法的研究进展，以及基于代理模型的多学科优化设计方法的研究进展。文献综述表明，代理优化算法在设计效率、全局性以及鲁棒性等方面性能优良，已经发展到可以解决100维（100个设计变量）以内的气动优化设计问题，具有良好的工程应用前景。最后，探讨了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计在理论、方法及飞行器设计应用方面所面临的问题和挑战，给出了未来研究方向的建议。     

基于Reynolds平均的高超声速二方程湍流模型

 在Reynolds平均的框架下推导了可压缩湍流Reynolds应力方程和湍动能方程。根据一定的假设和尺度分析简化并封闭了所推导的湍动能方程。在均匀湍流假设下,湍动能耗散率可分解成可压缩性耗散和旋度耗散,并对其中的可压缩性耗散进行了封闭;同时认为旋度耗散不受可压缩性影响,直接引用传统的Reynolds平均不可压缩湍动能耗散率模型方程。由此构造了适用于高马赫数的二方程可压缩湍流模型。应用所发展的模型计算了高超声速平板绕流,并与若干现有模型的计算、实验与半经验公式的计算结果进行了对比,验证了所发展的模型。在此基础上,通过对压缩拐角的高超声速湍流的数值模拟,对所发展的湍流模型,以及若干现有模型进行了对比,显示了不同湍流模型及可压缩性修正在计算壁面压力分布和热流分布上的特点,说明了湍流模型可压缩修正的必要性,得到了所发展模型的计算结果最接近实验结果的结论。     

背负式S形进气道流场控制技术

通过在已有的S形进气道入口第一弯底部布置一系列类机翼的导流叶片,来改善出口流场分布,抑制旋流,减小出口畸变指数.分析了导流叶片的高度、弦长、攻角和安装位置(轴向位置和横向位置)这几个参数对S形进气道内流的影响,并利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法针对导流叶片的组数展开研究,得到最优结果.结果表明,采用优化后的导流叶片,可以有效抑制内流分离,降低S形进气道出口畸变指数,改善流场品质. 这些分析结果对于涡流发生器的设计有一定的指导意义.      

无气库型脉管制冷机调相性能

基于流体网络理论,利用Matlab编制了脉管制冷机调相计算程序,分析了有气库和无气库条件下的惯性管和双向进气型脉管制冷机的调相性能.在此基础上提出了双向进气和惯性管联合工作的耦合型无气库型脉管制冷机的理论设想,并进行了调相特性研究.该成果对于发展结构紧凑、系统能耗低的新一代无气库型脉管制冷机具有参考价值.     

Fluid and electrolyte alterations during prolonged hypokinesia

The physiological and biochemical systems that regulate the level of each electrolyte in blood and other endogenous fluids, and the balance between the consumption and loss of fluid and electrolytes and the total fluid and electrolyte content of the body are significantly affected during hypokinesia (HK; diminished movement). Among the known effects of HK, the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has drawn a great interest due to the higher fluid and electrolyte deficiency with higher than lower fluid and electrolyte consumption. The impossibility of the body to use fluid and electrolytes, after the fluid and electrolyte deficiency has been established, has drawn the greatest interest. The fluid shifting to the thoracic region and the daily body rehydration are considered as the most effective methods to counteract fluid and electrolyte changes. To this end, the objective of this review was to report some of the findings in the fluid and electrolyte deficiency and fluid and electrolyte loss with fluid and electrolyte deficiency during prolonged HK.     

高超音速双锥绕流数值模拟的格式效应分析

通过模拟双锥外形高超音速绕流,对各种计算流体力学空间离散格式的性能进行分析.研究了Roe格式、van Leer格式、AUSM(Advection Up-stream Splitting Method)格式、AUSMDV格式、AUSM+格式、上风TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)格式等对双锥高超音速流场特征的模拟能力.结果表明:各空间格式激波分辨率都较高,但粘性分辨率相差很大.其特性与格式耗散性有关,耗散性越小,粘性分辨率越高;格式耗散性对热流极值影响显著,耗散性越小,热流极值越大,其位置越靠近前缘.      

一种冲压发动机推力矢量设计方案研究

针对战术导弹用冲压发动机,提出了一种推力矢量设计方案,即在进气道整流罩底部附设楔形体,利用它的摆动运动,使尾喷气流偏转,产生推力矢量。基于CFD数值模拟,分析了该方案的喷管流动特征,以及飞行马赫数和楔形体偏转角度对推力矢量的影响。计算结果表明,该设计方案可行,且还能适度减小进气道整流罩底阻。