考虑可压缩与热传导的壁面函数边界条件及其应用

考虑到可压缩和热传导效应的壁面函数边界条件,被耦合到了采用k-ω两方程湍流模型、用有限体积法求解N-S方程的程序中。壁面函数基于耦合的速度和温度型,并且在边界层内的粘性子区和对数区内一致有效。引入壁面函数边界条件后,通过算例验证在y <100的范围内,得到的物面压力、摩阻、热流与实验结果比较,结果可靠。而无壁面函数边界条件时,要得到相同精度的结果,要求y ≈1。壁面函数的引入,为工程上准确预测飞行器在湍流流动中表面受力与气动热提供了保障。     

微型凸起物高超声速气动热特性研究

利用N-S数值解方法对高超声速气流中微型凸起物的气动热环境进行了计算研究,并对前斜坡峰值压力和热流跃升进行了分析,结果表明对于高雷诺数流动,由于其边界层很薄,气流对凸起物的冲击作用比低雷诺数流动大很多,给凸起物前缘和上表面带来较严重的气动热问题。研究还表明利用斜面侧扩张角可以降低凸起物后斜坡的气动热环境。最后对球锥与平板物型的差异给微型凸起物热环境特性带来的影响进行了研究,结果表明在本文计算状态下,风洞平板实验模型得到的凸起物前缘峰值压力和热流跃升比实际球锥外形要高,因此地面实验结果外推到天上实际情况还是比较保守的。     

Refinements in the data analysis of VIRTIS-M-IR Venus nightside spectra

The successful long-duration radiation measurements performed by the VIRTIS instrument aboard ESA’s Venus Express spacecraft have provided an excellent collection of atmospheric and surface data that stand out due to their high temporal and spatial coverage of the planet and due to a high diversity of measurement and environmental conditions.     

A low-thrust transfer between the Earth–Moon and Sun–Earth systems based on invariant manifolds

A low-energy, low-thrust transfer between two halo orbits associated with two coupled three-body systems is studied in this paper. The transfer is composed of a ballistic departure, a ballistic insertion and a powered phase using low-thrust propulsion to connect these two trajectories. The ballistic departure and insertion are computed by constructing the unstable and stable invariant manifolds of the corresponding halo orbits, and a complete low-energy transfer based on the patched invariant manifolds is optimized using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm on the criterion of smallest velocity discontinuity and limited position discontinuity (less than 1 km). Then, the result is expropriated as the boundary conditions for the subsequent low-thrust trajectory design. The fuel-optimal problem is formulated using the calculus of variations and Pontryagin's Maximum Principle in a complete four-body dynamical environment. Then, a typical bang–bang control is derived and solved using the indirect method combined with a homotopic technique. The contributions of the present work mainly consist of two points. Firstly, the global search method proposed in this paper is simply handled using the PSO algorithm, a number of feasible solutions in a fairly wide range can be delivered without a priori or perfect knowledge of the transfers. Secondly, the indirect optimization method is used in the low-thrust trajectory design and the derivations of the first-order necessary conditions are simplified with a modified controlled, restricted four-body model.     

地源热泵技术在建筑节能中的应用

本文探讨如何通过地源热泵技术实现建筑节能。研究通过地源热泵来实现一机多用,使其既能用于冬季供暖,又可以用于夏季制冷。同时也讨论了如何与太阳能相配合,来实现地热平衡。文中还给出了通过插值法和曲线拟合法对测量数据进行处理获得变温带和增温带的温度-深度曲线的方法。     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.     

水气动量交换的实验研究

在风浪槽中进行水气动量交换实验，测量了不同风速和风区下的波浪及空气湍流流场。测量数据表明水面上风速分布符合对数律，水气界面附近在小范围的动量交换常通量层。阻力系数ＣＤ随风速增加线性增长，随波龄增加而减小。这一趋向与理论分析及外海帝测结果一致。对风浪发展过程中波浪和空气湍流谱结构的分析证明了水气运动的耦合关系。     

铁基金刚石节块的热处理及其耐磨性能研究

首次提出了在烧结型金刚石工具的制造中引入热处理的新工艺，并系统地研究了淬火温度、淬火时间及回火温度等热处理工艺参数对热压烧结型铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块及其胎体材料机械性能的影响，同时对经热处理的铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块在石材旺苍红上进行磨损试验研究。试验结果表明，热压烧结型铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块胎体热处理的最佳工艺参数为：淬火温度为７６０～７９０℃、淬火时间为３．５ｍｉｎ、回火温度为２４５～３１５℃；经热处理后铁基金刚石圆盘锯胎体及节块的强度、硬度等机械性能有显著的提高，热处理也能明显改善铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块的耐磨性能。这说明将热处理工艺用于烧结型金刚石工具的制造中是切实可行的。     

考虑轨道摄动的外热流计算分析

为改进传统外热流算法未考虑外热流经多次反射后的吸收和国外商业软件未考虑轨道摄动及太阳矢量变化对外热流的影响等不足,重新定义了外热流角系数和外热流辐射传递因子,综合SGP4轨道模型和Gebhart方法,给出了考虑摄动等因素的辐射传递因子和轨道外热流计算模型,以及相应的计算流程。通过仿真分析论证了考虑多次反射及摄动等因素的重要性。