基于双变量预测控制的表贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统

基于电压矢量幅值和相角为变量的表贴式永磁同步电机(SPMSM)定子磁链幅值和转矩表达式,给出了9个不同幅值和相角的备选电压矢量,采用预测控制计算得出施加不同电压矢量下一时刻的定子磁链幅值和转矩值,建立了基于磁链和转矩误差的目标函数,并选择使目标函数最小的电压矢量为作为下一时刻施加的最优电压矢量。仿真结果表明:在双变量预测控制下,SPMSM直接转矩控制系统运行良好,定子磁链轨迹为理想圆,磁链和转矩均符合控制要求,转速跟踪良好,定子电流波形正弦。进一步对比分析表明:与开关表和固定电压矢量选择策略相比,双变量预测控制能显著减小转矩和磁链脉动。与开关表相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了62.92%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了45.05%,评价函数均值降低了60.30%;与固定电压矢量选择策略相比,转矩脉动均方根误差降低了22.40%,磁链脉动均方根误差降低了3.85%,评价函数均值降低了15.93%。     

基于二阶滑模算法的永磁电机直接转矩控制

针对传统直接转矩控制(DTC)方法低速控制精度差、转矩脉动大、开关频率不稳定等问题,提出了一种基于二阶滑模控制的永磁电机DTC方法。该控制方法基于二阶滑模控制原理,将传统磁链控制器与转矩控制器以滑模控制器替代,对空间电压进行矢量调制,提高了开关频率的稳定性,获得了良好的动态稳定性,改善了电机输出性能。仿真与试验结果表明,该控制方法能够有效减小电流脉动与转矩脉动,同时提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力,实现了电机的快速动态响应,具有较强的鲁棒性能。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

直升机旋翼桨叶的弹性碰撞动力学建模

建立了直升机旋翼桨叶弹性正碰撞的动力学模型,采用有限转动梁理论处理桨叶的弹性变形,利用Hertz接触理论处理局部弹性变形,引入位移协调方程识别弹性碰撞载荷,运用Hamilton原理建立了桨叶正碰撞的动力学方程.通过与Timoshenko算例的对比表明了该方法的正确性,且对集中质量与直升机桨叶的弹性正碰撞问题进行了研究.      

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ： Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact

Bird impact is one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. The consequences of bird impact can be severe and, therefore, the aircraft components have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into service. The fan rotor blades of aeroengine are the components being easily impacted by birds. It is necessary to ensure that the fan rotor blades should have adequate resistance against the bird impact, to reduce the flying accidents caused by bird impacts. Using the contacting-impacting algorithm, the numerical simulation is carded out to simulate bird impact. A three-blade computational model is set up for the fan rotor blade having shrouds. The transient response curves of the points corresponding to measured points in experiments, displacements and equivalent stresses on the blades are obtained during the simulation. From the comparison of the transient response curves obtained from numerical simulation with that obtained from experiments, it can be found that the variations in measured points and the corresponding points of simulation are basically the same. The deforming process, the maximum displacements and the maximum equivalent stresses on blades are analyzed. The numerical simulation verifies and complements the experiment results.     

冰雹的数值模拟方法初探

冰雹的撞击对于飞机的整个结构存在着巨大的威胁,偶尔的一次遭遇冰雹袭击也是对飞机结构性能的严峻考验。由于实验测试需要投入大量的人力财力,因此,建立冰雹的数学模型显得尤为重要。目前所建立的数值模型主要有三种：有限元（FE）模型,任意拉格朗日一欧拉（ALE）模型和光滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）模型。首先论证了这些数值模型与实验测试结果吻合的情况,接着模拟了冰雹撞击飞机发动机进气道的过程,最后通过对这三种冰雹模型的比较,得出了SPH模型是分析冰雹撞击飞机问题的最有效、最好的模型的结论。     

多约束条件下的制导律研究综述

随着导弹等制导武器机动能力的增强,制导精度的提高,多约束条件下的制导律研究成为精确制导研究的新热点。简要介绍了多约束条件下的制导问题,重点评述了近年来多约束条件下的制导律研究情况,对目前多约束条件下的制导律设计进行了比较详细的研究,系统分析了各种方法的优缺点,并分析了其可能的研究内容动态和方向,为精确制导技术的发展提供了参考和借鉴。     

APU 转子爆破对防火墙影响的研究

APU是安装在民用飞机上的辅助动力装置,是飞机上重要的部件,因此必须考虑APU 转子爆破时小碎片对飞机安全的影响。通过有限元软件LS-DYNA,分别模拟了APU 转子爆破时小碎片对APU 防火墙以及3种不同厚度加强板的冲击计算。根据数值计算结果,选择合适的加强板方案,既能防止防火墙碰撞区被小碎片击穿,同时付出的重量代价又较小。通过对APU 防火墙增加加强板,确保APU 转子爆破时飞机的安全 性,满足AC20-128A 的设计要求。     

基于直升机/ 发动机综合模型的变旋翼转速控制研究

为了实现直升机旋翼转速在宽广范围内连续变化且涡轴发动机连续提供输出轴功率,采用1种扭矩序列转移控制方案来实现该传动链。通过2台涡轴发动机和2台多级变速器与旋翼协调工作,发动机依次连接或脱开旋翼,提供旋翼转速大范围内变化,并提供旋翼连续变化的功率。在扭矩转移过程中,针对发动机扭矩强扰动问题设计了鲁棒LMI控制器+ADRC扭矩前馈补偿控制器,最后基于直升机／发动机综合模型进行数值仿真,验证了扭矩转移方案的可行性。仿真结果表明：在转移过程中的扭矩强扰动对发动机动力涡轮转速的影响较小,旋翼转速可以实现较大范围内的快速平滑变化。     

复合材料层合结构低速冲击后的渗漏性能

对复合材料贮箱结构进行低速冲击试验,并测试冲击后贮箱结构的渗漏性能。试验结果表明,当层板内部的基体损伤和分层损伤构成贯穿的通路后即导致贮箱渗漏,并且贮箱结构的冲击能量渗漏门槛值介于23~25J之间。在试验基础上建立了有限元模型以分析冲击后贮箱结构的内部损伤情况,并判断结构是否渗漏,计算结果与试验吻合良好。在计算模型的基础上对曲面贮箱结构的冲击渗漏性能进行分析。