一种模拟喷管二维流场的新方法

采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法对固体火箭发动机喷管进行了纯气相流场的数值模拟。推导了建立在同位网格之上利用协变物理速度分量为计算变量的离散方程，采用协变物理速度分量推导压力修正方程，对密度采用一阶迎风格式插值，将ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法扩大到计算可压流动。计算结果表明：本方法计算精度高，收敛速度快，程序编写简单。     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

农林飞机结构抗坠毁设计技术

农林飞机通常在3-5m的超低空进行作业飞行,在离地面3m以上的空中往往会有树木、电线杆、电线、堤坝、土堆、山丘、建筑物等障碍物,稍有不慎,就有与之撞击的可能。这样的工作条件除要求飞机具有良好的超低空飞行性能以外,还要求飞机具有一定的耐坠撞能力。本文针对农林飞机执行任务过程中可能发生的碰撞、坠毁等特点,研究了农林飞机抗坠毁设计技术、计算分析仿真技术。     

一个通用的微型飞行器气动工程估算环境的开发

针对微型飞行器 (MicroAirVe hicle,简称MAV)多学科设计优化的需要 ,本文以MAV工程估算的三层模型描述为基础 ,开发了一个通用的MAV气动工程估算程序 ,它可以对多种布局MAV进行气动参数的计算 ,并且MAV几何外形的描述简单 ,计算方便正确 ,最后对某MAV的气动估算结果与风洞实验曲线进行了比较。     

求解可压缩N－S方程的无粘－粘性分数步法

用按物理过程作时间分裂的无粘－粘性分数步法求解可压缩Ｎ－Ｓ方程，无粘步用高效欧拉算法解欧拉方程，粘性步用全隐格式解抛物方程；并采取了有效措施消除由分步法产生的时间和空间不相容性，文中给出了轴对称喷管内外流场的数值模拟结果。     

亚,超声速旋涡流动特征的定性分析研究

本文研究了沿其轴向运动的亚声速和超声速旋涡的性状，指出两者完全不同。在加速区，于涡轴附近，亚声速旋涡的横截面流线即横截面上的速度场的向量线为由外向内转的稳定螺旋点形态，空间流线沿其轴向是收缩的，而超声速旋涡的横截面流线为由内向外转的不稳定螺旋点形态，空间流线沿其轴向是散开的。在减速区，两者的情况也恰好相反，此外，当旋涡由加速区过渡到减速区时，两者横截面流线方程在涡轴附近的Ｈｏｐｆ分叉情况也不同，亚     

自适应直角切割网格民机增升装置绕流数值模拟

提出并介绍了基于直角切割网格的分区面搭接技术,采用变长宽比网格方法,成功地进行了存在外形间断(剪刀叉)的民机增升装置的网格生成和绕流Euler方程数值模拟.根据外形的特点,运用"根"网格分区算法,降低了整个网格的生成难度;通过基于外形的自适应网格加密技术,详细地描述了外形上的大量缝道和凹槽,提高了网格质量;在分区交界面上,利用重叠面积切割和面搭接算法实现了两侧网格间的流场信息传递,并保证了通量守恒;采用中心有限体积方法,结合双时间推进算法,完成流场的Euler方程数值模拟,计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,说明所述方法的正确性.     

大瑞利数下二维Benard对流演化过程的DSMC仿真研究

利用DSMC（Direct Simulation Monte Carlo）方法研究了大Rayleigh（瑞利）数条件下稀薄气体的二维Benard对流的特性。考察了流动的非定常演化过程及若干流动特征量随时间的变化特征，得到了与实验较为一致的结论。计算结果表明，当流动控制参数不断增大时，二维Berard对流从热传导状态过渡到热对流状态表现出明显的非定常演化特征。最后当瑞利数增大到一定程度后，注动显示出混沌的特性。     

强击机的现状和发展

战术对地攻击机俗称强称强击机，是三种主要作战机种之一，近年来有了很大发展。本文从强击机的作用，地位和作战效能入手，论述了发展这一机种的必要性其发展途径。     

起落架落震试验测试系统的现状及其发展

能动地我国起落架落震试验测试系统发展的现状进行分析，指出了落震试验测试系统所存在的问题，说明了未来的发展重点及方向。