评定复合材料的超声换能器的研制

由于复合材料结构的特殊性,对检测用的超声换能器提出了较高要求。论文系统分析了换能器的振动等效电路和振动方程,详细讨论了影响换能器性能的主要因素,成功研制出了符合使用要求的换能器。     

某型飞机火控系统故障诊断测试仪的设计

针对某型战机火控系统在维护保障上存在检测仪器功能单一、通用性差、检测效率低、可靠性不高等问题,研制了基于故障树分析法与专家系统相结合的某型飞机火控系统故障诊断测试仪.文中以火控系统不工作为顶事件,建立了故障树,并对故障树作了定性分析.该测试仪有效克服了机载火控系统故障诊断中传统的数据采集、分析、处理及决策控制方法的不足,结果表明,故障树分析法是机载火控系统故障诊断的一种有效方法.     

星载相机地面电性能测试系统的设计与实现

根据新型相机结构复杂、载荷多的特点,针对性地设计并实现了一种新型星载相机的电性能地面测试系统。分析并总结了地面测试系统的设计需求,并且针对新型相机测试的全面性要求,设计并实现了整星和多种载荷的模拟接口;针对新型相机测试的可靠性要求,提出了冗余网络切换的测试系统设计方法并解决了数据库访问冲突的问题;针对新型相机测试的安全性要求,提出了针对冗余链路的测试方法和错误注入的测试方法。该系统已经成功配合完成了某高轨型号星载相机的研制,并交付使用。试验证明测试系统功能全面稳定,连续测试72h误码率为0,能够满足新型相机全面性、可靠性、安全性的测试需求。     

基于二次谐波技术的固体火箭发动机界面粘接质量的超声无损评价

提出了一种用于固体火箭发动机粘接界面质量评价的非线性超声检测方法。常规超声纵波可用于粘接界面缺陷的检测,但不适用于粘接质量的评价。超声与界面相互作用产生的非线性效应,使得粘接界面的质量评价成为可能。表征界面超声波非线性响应的参数称为二次谐波激发效率,二次谐波激发效率的不同表示界面粘接质量的不同。实验结果表明,将二次谐波激发效率作为特征,可有效评价界面的粘接质量。     

基于资源共享的分布式机载软件测试系统设计

随着装备软件系统的发展,越来越多的硬件功能软件化,装备软件的发展朝着高综合、高集成、一体化的趋势发展。目前航空航天装备软件中,嵌入式软件占据主导地位,相较通用计算机软件,嵌入式软件的测试具有面向特定应用,有实时操作系统支持,运行芯片和平台较为固定,并且需要特定的数字总线资源进行数据注入等特点。尤其对于复杂的,高度综合化模块架构的嵌入式软件系统软件测试,对于测试和验证系统的要求也越来越高,数据采集、数据记录、数据激励、数据监控、数据分析等各种测试和验证系统的需求也使得综合化软件测试验证系统结构越来越复杂,基于分布式架构的软件测试系统已经成为必然趋势。结合嵌入式综合化软件测试系统的功能要求以及测试系统的特点,提出了一种基于对等架构下的分布式测试系统设计,该设计不仅能够满足嵌入式软件运行平台规模的扩展,也能够在分布式架构下实现软件运行平台内部资源的共享。     

可配置的软件动态测试系统研究

首先简要分析了软件动态测试方法在测试环境开发、测试执行以及测试结果分析等环节上所存在的问题与缺陷。接着提出了一种采用增加配置的方法构建动态测试环境的思路,并以此为基础,实现了一个软件自动化测试原型系统,同时详细描述了该系统的基本框架,阐述了它的关键技术。     

In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation.However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently.     

基于浸入与不变理论的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制

针对惯性参数不确定的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题，基于浸入与不变（I&I）方法设计出了一种新的姿态跟踪控制器。研究结果表明，传统的浸入与不变方法运用到姿态跟踪模型，存在参数回归矩阵不可积进而导致偏微分方程无解析解的问题。针对该问题，提出了一种对回归矩阵改造使其满足可积条件的方法，通过动态放缩技术消除了回归矩阵改造前后的差异对闭环系统稳定性的影响，设计出了一种新的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制器。通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相对于已有的基于动态放缩法的浸入与不变控制器，设计了一种全新的缩放因子，使得控制器的执行不需要缩放因子的信息，并且也不需要惯量矩阵的先验信息。最后，仿真对比实验进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

基于磁记忆技术对含缺陷焊缝的疲劳试验

对含有不同隐形损伤的40Cr焊板进行射线检测、疲劳试验和正交磁记忆信号测量，探索试件在疲劳应力作用下磁记忆信号的变化特征。试验结果表明：单一测量方式下的磁特征值不能表征焊板在疲劳循环载荷下的变化特征，所得结论存在偶然性；研究发现，可用磁场矢量梯度积分特征和磁场矢量合成梯度特征来评价焊板的疲劳损伤过程，并建立了以磁场矢量梯度特征为损伤参量的疲劳损伤模型，从而可以对含有隐形损伤焊接构件的疲劳寿命进行定量评估，为金属磁记忆技术在焊接缺陷定量评价上的进一步研究提供参考依据。     

Successes and challenges in non-destructive testing of aircraft composite structures

Composite materials are increasingly used in the aerospace industry. To fully realise the weight saving potential along with superior mechanical properties that composites offer in safety critical applications, reliable Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods are required to prevent catastrophic failures. This paper will review the state of the art in the field and point to highlight the success and challenges that different NDT methods are faced to evaluate the integrity of critical aerospace composites. The focus will be on advanced certificated NDT methods for damage detection and characterization in composite laminates for use in the aircraft primary and secondary structures.