基于连续覆盖特性分析的星座设计

研究了需要对地面目标进行连续覆盖的星座的设计问题．首先推导了对覆盖性能有重要影响的星间覆盖间隔时间和轨道面覆盖间隔时间的计算公式，通过算例针对不同配置的星座进行了计算，使用工程仿真软件STK验证了分析结果．通过理论分析、算例计算以及工程仿真为该类型星座设计提供了理论指导。     

静止轨道卫星通信链路的预算与分析

星地链路计算作为卫星通信的重要技术，是卫星通信系统设计的基础和理论依据，直接决定了卫星通信系统的链路通信质量。由于影响卫星链路的因素很多，设计中存在一处不合理即使得整条星地链路不可用，造成巨大的损失。而且在实际设计中无法做到最理想的链路状态，往往需要在某方面有所取舍，这也是链路计算中的一大难点。基于目前国际通用的链路计算方法，将星地链路上下行拆分，独立计算，综合分析，再结合实际工程经验，分析和计算实际工程案例，针对不同的链路配置给出相应合理的设计方法，可作为静止轨道通信卫星星地链路计算分析的参考。     

Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

Global ionospheric scintillations revealed by GPS radio occultation data with FY3C satellite before midnight during the March 2015 storm

Global observations of S4 amplitude scintillation index by the GPS Occultation Sounder (GNOS) on FengYun-3 C (FY3C) satellite reveal global dynamic patterns of a strong pre-midnight scintillations in F-region of the ionosphere during the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic super storm of 17–19 March 2015. The observed strong scintillations mainly occurred in the low latitudes, caused by equatorial plasma bubbles. During the main storm phase (March 17), the scintillations were first triggered in the New Zealand sector near 160°E longitudes, extending beyond 40°S dip latitude. They were also enhanced in the Indian sector, but significantly suppressed in East Asia near 120°E longitude and in Africa around 30°E longitude. During the initial recovery phase (March 18–19), the global scintillations were seldom observed in GNOS data. During the later recovery phase (after March 19), the scintillations recovered to the pre-storm level in Indian, African, and American sectors, but not in East Asian and any of Pacific sectors. These results closely correlate with observations of the density depletion structures by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, and ground-based instruments. Such consistency indicates reliability of our scintillation sensing approach even in a case-by-case comparison study. The prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo electric field are suggested as the main factors that control the enhancement and inhibition of the scintillations during the storm, respectively.     

一种卫星信道的反馈优化接入机制

提高卫星信道资源利用率，探索高效可行的端站接入机制是卫星通信发展亟待解决的问题之一。当前卫星通信DVB-RCS标准基于带宽预先规划的接入机制与端站随遇接入的需求矛盾凸显，因此提出一套信道反馈优化接入机制，综合考虑各端站数据业务需求，在不改变原有协议信令特征的基础上，探索性地引入谦虚度激励方法，创造性地构造动态协商反馈模型并加以求解，达到提高端站接入数量、满足随遇接入需求、提升信道利用效率、最大化整体带宽通信业务效益的目的。通过试验验证，带宽分配反馈优化机制比传统模式提高近1倍接入率，最大端站数接入时算法耗时约只有0.67s，可为卫星信道使用提供技术参考。     

存在干扰下的无人机中继站波束成形算法

无人机(UAV)通信具有部署快、使用灵活、通信质量好等优点,在无线通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。采用UAV作为中继站构成的增强型卫星通信网络经常受到各种干扰的影响,导致其性能急剧下降。以信干噪比(SINR)最大化为准则,UAV中继站发射功率满足要求为约束条件的优化问题的基础上,提出了一种基于最大瑞利熵的波束成形(BF)算法,得出最优权矢量。为了降低BF算法的实现复杂度,进一步提出了一种基于迫零(ZF)的次优BF算法。计算机仿真验证了这2种BF算法的有效性。     

基于卫星和星敏感器的冗余激光惯组在轨标定

采用高精度卫星导航速度、位置信息以及星敏感器提供的姿态信息设计十表冗余捷联惯组的标定模型,包含陀螺和加速度计的零次项和标度因数,对卫星和星敏感器辅助的冗余激光陀螺捷联惯组进行实时在轨标定.利用标准Kalman滤波和Sage-Husa自适应滤波作为估计算法,对十表冗余捷联惯组参数进行在线估计.数值仿真结果表明:参数标定精度均在7％以内,是一种实时的在轨标定方法,满足误差补偿要求.冗余惯组在轨标定方法为航天器高精度定姿和定轨提供了一种理论参考.     

微磁强计弱磁处理芯片设计与实现

为适应微纳卫星平台的应用需求、实现磁强计的微型化,针对巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应微磁强计的研制需求设计并研制了弱磁信号处理芯片.在分析GMI微磁强计构造的基础上,针对单机(微)小型化提出了弱磁信号处理电路芯片化的方案;结合空间应用特点,设计并实现了基于SOI CMOS工艺的弱磁信号处理芯片.实测结果表明:基于所研制的弱磁信号处理芯片不仅实现了磁强计的微型化、集成化,而且具有良好的弱磁测量性能.     

低轨卫星月影事件预报优化

针对卫星月影问题,提出了一种低轨卫星优化的月影预报策略,可以有效提高目前低轨卫星在轨管理时对月影事件预报的效率.结合仿真对产生月影事件的太阳、地球、月球的三体关系进行了分析,首先给出了月影产生的解析分析方法,并通过对一个三维月影影响模型的分析,得到了月影影响区间的判定要素——月影临界角;然后进一步通过对月影临界角的分析,提出了基于太阳与白道面的位置关系和月影临界角对低轨卫星月影事件的优化预报方法;最后基于大量的随机低轨卫星场景对本方法的正确性进行了验证.研究结果表明,此方法能够较大地提高月影预报效率,可以将月影预报频率从每月1次降低到每年2次,从而简化了低轨卫星在轨运行管理的任务复杂度,为卫星的在轨可靠运行提供支持.     

用于光波纳米推力器的颗粒供应技术和光聚积技术研究

为提高光波纳米推力器在轨应用的可行性,针对与其匹配的颗粒供应技术和光聚积技术进行研究。提出整个推进系统的设计思路,通过建立理论计算和数值计算模型,分析颗粒供应技术和光聚积技术的各项核心结构参数的设计方法。计算结果表明:颗粒供应装置的正负电极内径之比(W/D)会影响正负电荷产生的总量之比,在W/D=300/322附近时,正负电荷比例接近1:1。静电诱导电压为9 V,当中和通道长度大于37.5mm时,正负颗粒可以视为完全中和。光聚积设计思路可令聚积球对光能的利用率在32.8%左右。两种相关技术的装置与推力器在结构上能够对接、在性能上可以匹配,从理论上表明了两种支撑技术的可行性。