Demonstration of a high sensitivity GNSS software receiver for indoor positioning

Advances in signal processing techniques contributed to the significant improvements of GNSS receiver performance in dense multipath environments and created the opportunities for a new category of high-sensitivity GNSS (HS-GNSS) receivers that can provide GNSS location services in indoor environments. The difficulties in improving the availability, reliability, and accuracy of these indoor capable GNSS receivers exceed those of the receivers designed for the most hostile urban canyon environments. The authors of this paper identified the vector tracking schemes, signal propagation statistics, and parallel processing techniques that are critical to a robust HS-GNSS receiver for indoor environments and successfully incorporated them into a fully functional high-sensitivity software receiver. A flexible vector-based receiver architecture is introduced to combine these key indoor signal processing technologies into GSNRx-hs™ – the high sensitivity software navigation receiver developed at the University of Calgary. The resulting receiver can perform multi-mode vector tracking in indoor environment at various levels of location and timing uncertainties. In addition to the obvious improvements in time-to-first-fix (TTFF) and signal sensitivity, the field test results in indoor environments surrounded by wood, glass, and concrete showed that the new techniques effectively improved the performance of indoor GNSS positioning. With fine GNSS timing, the proposed receiver can consistently deliver indoor navigation solution with the horizontal accuracy of 2–15 m depending on the satellite geometry and the indoor environments. If only the coarse GNSS timing is available, the horizontal accuracy of the indoor navigation solution from the proposed receiver is around 30 m depending on the coarse timing accuracy, the satellite geometry, and the indoor environments. From the preliminary field test results, it has been observed that the signal processing sensitivity is the dominant factor on the availability of the indoor navigation solution, while the GNSS timing accuracy is the dominant factor on the accuracy of the indoor navigation solution.     

Performance evaluation of IRI-2007 at equatorial latitudes and its Matlab version for GNSS applications

International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model is the widely used empirical model for ionospheric predictions, especially TEC which is an important parameter for radio navigation and communication. The Fortran based IRI-2007 does not support real-time interactive visualization and debugging. Therefore, the source code is converted into Matlab and is validated for the purposes of this study. This facilitates easy representation of results and for near real-time implementation of IRI in the applications including spacecraft launching, now casting, pseudolite based navigation systems etc. In addition, the vertical delay results over the equatorial region derived from IRI and GPS data of three IGS stations namely Libreville (Garbon, Africa), Brasilia (Brazil, South America) and Hyderabad (India, Asia) are compared. As the IRI model does not account for plasmasphere TEC, the vertical delays are underestimated compared to vertical delays of GPS signals. Therefore, the model should be modified accordingly for precise TEC estimation.     

时间触发AFDX网络的设计和实时性分析

时间触发机制可以近一步提高航空电子全双工交换式以太网(AFDX,Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet)的确定性,保障时间关键消息具有完全的时间确定性.将时间触发机制引入了AFDX网络,设计了时间触发ADFX网络(TTAFDX,Time-Triggered AFDX)的体系结构,包括协议栈、虚拟链路类型、端系统调度、交换机调度、透明通信机制和降级通信机制,并且设计了端系统和交换机的时刻调度算法.对TTAFDX网络从理论和仿真实验两方面进行了分析,验证了TTAFDX网络对时间关键消息的完全时间确定性的保障.     

GNSS接收机数字载波跟踪环建模与噪声性能分析

针对GNSS接收机高灵敏度跟踪问题,研究数字载波跟踪环热噪声相位颤动与相干积累时间长度的关系.在分析I·Q鉴相器的Costas载波环信号处理流程的基础上,建立了新的环路线性化模型.基于该模型,推导了由最佳模拟环路滤波器双线性变换离散化得到的数字载波跟踪环的噪声性能.数值分析表明:采用I·Q鉴相器的二阶、三阶数字载波环热噪声相位颤动,随相干积累时间的增大先减小后增大,存在热噪声相位颤动最小意义上的最佳相干积累时间.仿真结果验证了理论分析结论,同时表明新建模型对数字载波跟踪环的描述比传统模型更准确.文中给出的各载噪比和环路带宽组合条件下的最佳相干积累时间,可用于指导高灵敏度接收机载波跟踪环设计.     

冲压发动机燃烧室点火性能试验

对具有四个旁侧进气道带机械火焰稳定装置的整体式冲压喷气发动机的起动点火性能进行了试验研究,分析了点火能量、稳定器槽宽、来流温度、点火余气系数等因素对冲压燃烧室的点火延迟时间的影响。研究表明,点火能量是影响冲压燃烧室点火起动的重要因素,通过提高点火能量可以实现冲压发动机的快速点火起动;另外,稳定系数越高,点火余气系数对应的燃烧效率越高,发动机点火越容易。     

一种新型航班延误组合预测模型

为了克服单一的航班延误预测模型在预报时的缺陷,在分析航班延误的特点的情况下,提出了一种基于危险模式和灰色预测组合的新型航班延误预测的方法。对这两种预测方法的结果采用加权组合预测的方式来预测航班延误的趋势变化,预测结果是单一预测模型的加权和,加权系数动态确定。最后通过国内的某枢纽机场的航班延误情况进行了验证。实验表明该模型可以不受某一较差的预测模型影响,从而有较好的预测效果。     

终端区四维轨迹到达时间的控制与计算

研究的目的是使管制员通过飞行管理计算机计算的结果来较精确地预测飞机到达各航路点的时间范围,在同时有多架飞机进场的情况下合理安排进近顺序。利用向量分解法,分析了飞机在有风情况下,特别是风向风速改变时地速的变化。给出了实时地速的计算方式,指出了通过调节两个航路点间加速度变化的位置来控制飞机到达下一航路点的时间,并给出了到达各航路点时间范围的计算方式。通过计算,管制员不仅可以推测出到达各航路点的高度及时间范围,避免飞行冲突,还能够安全有序的引导飞机按预计时间着陆,减少航班延误量。     

均匀化处理对7A55铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了单级均匀化和双级均匀化工艺对铸态7A55铝合金组织和性能的影响规律.结果表明,经450℃单级均匀化处理后,合金中的残留共晶仍然较多,保温60h时合金中残留共晶比例由铸态合金的15.2%减少至7.2%,合金硬度由72HRB降低至60HRB,伸长率则由2.1%增大至11.2%;经450℃/60h+470℃双级均匀化处...     

未知时延系统的全局优化辅助变量辨识

对于未知时延系统,借助分离性原理,推导出迭代的可分离的非线性最小二乘（SNLS）辨识方法。为了降低收敛于局部最小的可能性,消除强观测噪声所引起的参数估计的偏差,利用全局优化理论,引进辅助变量,推导了全局优化的辅助变量（GOIV）辨识方法。仿真试验验证了算法的有效性。     

AFDX流量管制信用量设置的模型检查

航空电子全双工交换式以太网（AFDX）实时通信中,交换节点采用信用量令牌桶（creditedtoken bucket）进行流量管制。分别对基于帧和基于字节的信用量令牌桶流量管制进行时间自动机建模,并构建模型的并发交互场景;采用测试自动机,进行有界活性（bounded liveness）模型检查。通过形式化验证,发现流量管制通过约束突发度限制多路复用输出排队的时延抖动,但信用量值的设置必须考虑输入虚拟链路（VL）的时延抖动,否则可能导致已经聚合的流量中属于不同VL的帧的先后次序被破坏,反而造成更大的时延抖动。通过分析时延抖动对信用量设置的影响,归纳并给出流量管制信用量设置的注意事项。