DPIV对圆柱绕流的研究及运动参考坐标系的转换

采用以氢气泡为示踪粒子的数字粒子图像测速技术(digitalparticleimagevelocimetry,DPIV)对三种不同雷诺数下的圆柱绕流进行了研究。一般DPIV拍摄时相机固定,可得出一种速度场分布。笔者采用静止坐标,用简单的方法可以达到相机随流场移动的效果,DPIV处理结果可以看到一些更深入的情况。     

热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层复合传热数值计算

鉴于热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层是各向异性的非灰体材料，其复合传热计算是复杂且耗时的，提出了一种简便方法用于硅纤维这类各向异性非灰体材料的复合传热计算。该方法借鉴了医学领域断层摄影法（局部X射线检测法）中对光沿各向异性散射介质传播分析的思路，得到了各向异性扩散的热辐射方程（RTE—D）并把该方程用于求解非灰体半透明介质的辐射热通量。计算结果与文献中基于辐射传递方程（RTE）求得辐射热流的复合传热数值结果相比较，其最大相对误差为1．5％，并且其计算时间也由Pentium Ⅱ的3297．66分钟缩短为PentiumⅣ的约5分钟。最后，该方法被用于真实热环境下刚性隔热瓦L1900（高空隙率硅纤维隔热材料）的复合传热计算，计算结果与实验数据有较高吻合度。数据结果表明，各向异性的扩散近似被用于求解非灰体半透明介质的辐射热通量的方法用在热防护系统的硅纤维隔热层复合传热数值计算中是简便高效的。     

Spectral properties of backscattered solar Ly-α radiation in the heliosphere: A search for heliospheric boundary effects

We explore the imprints of the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium on spectral properties of backscattered solar Ly-α radiation. We employ a newly developed effective model for the interstellar H atom velocity distribution function in the heliosphere ( Katushkina and Izmodenov, 2011). The model takes into account both global effects of H atom perturbations at the heliospheric boundaries and local (i.e. within 10–20 AU from the Sun) effects of the solar ionization, charge exchange, solar gravitation and radiation pressure.     

钛合金蜂窝三层结构的扩散焊接研究

介绍了俄罗斯钛合金蜂窝三层结构扩散焊接的研究成果.详细介绍了铝合金、焊接规范选择、接头应力变形状态的分析、模拟计算等,有助于国内钛合金的焊接研究.     

23NiCo钢的氢脆敏感性研究

采用电解充氢和三点慢弯曲试验方法研究了２３ＮｉＣｏ钢的淬火态以及２００℃、４５０℃、４８２℃和６００℃回火处理的试样的氢脆敏感性。结果表明，２３ＮｉＣｏ钢的氢脆抗力与组织中奥氏体的形态、分布有关。４８２℃回火，在马氏体板条边界形成薄膜状的逆转奥氏体，钢的氢脆抗力有大幅度的提高。此时，延长充氢时间（４～１０ｈ）对断裂行为没有影响。     

用模糊集方法实现管理系统仿真输入非参数化的研究

以模糊信息优化处理的观点，研究了信息扩散方式实现非参数输入的途径、方法和效果、本文用正态扩散方式处理知识样本，形成参数概率颁上模式，通过ＳＩＭＡＮ仿真语言，对某一高速公路的一部分收费系统进行了仿真研究，结果表明：当人们对系统掌握的资料不多时，新方法有较大的优越性；如有较多的资料，新方法的结果与传统方法一致。     

Anomalous Cosmic Rays and Solar Modulation

We review aspects of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) that bear on the solar modulation of energetic particles in the heliosphere. We show that the latitudinal and radial gradients of these particles exhibit a 22-year periodicity in concert with the reversal of the Sun's magnetic field. The power-law index of the low energy portion of the energy spectrum of ACRs at the shock in 1996 appears to be -1.3, suggesting that the strength of the solar wind termination shock at the helioequatorial plane is relatively weak, with s 2.8. The rigidity dependence of the perpendicular interplanetary mean free path in the outer heliosphere for particles with rigidities between 0.2 and 0.7 GV varies approximately as R2, where R is particle rigidity. There is evidence that ACR oxygen is primarily multiply charged above 20 MeV/nuc and primarily singly-charged below 16 MeV/nuc. The location of the termination shock was at 65 AU in 1987 and 85 AU in 1994.     

Evidence of Element Diffusion Inside the Sun and the Stars and its Consequences on the Lithium Primordial Abundance

The process of element segregation in stars (also called "microscopic diffusion") has to be introduced in all computations of stellar structure to obtain consistent models. Although recognized by the pioneers of stellar physics, this process has long been forgotten, except for white dwarfs and for the so-called "chemically peculiar stars". More recently helioseismology has given evidence that this process occurs in the Sun, and leads to helium and heavier element depletion by about 20 percent. Some macroscopic motions (mild mixing) must also occur below the convection zone in order to account for the lithium depletion. These motions do not prevent the segregation : they only slightly smooth the abundance gradients. These results are presented here and the connexion with the 3He abundance is discussed. The importance of these processes for Pop II stars is also developped.     

中间层厚度对陶瓷扩散焊接头应力分布影响的数值分析

采用有限元计算方法，对平面应变、平面应力两种应力状态下含中间层的陶瓷接头界面上应力分布规律进行数值分析。得到了接头界面上正应力和剪应力沿板定的分布曲线。结果表明，中间层材料厚度小时，两种应力状态下的正应力和剪应力在接头界面上滑板定的分布基本均匀。中间层材料厚度增大，平面应变状态下试件中部的正应力增大并出现峰值；平面应力状态下在试件自由瑞边缘正应力增大并出现峰值。两种应力状态下界面上的剪应力由板中央到板边缘逐渐增大，界面上边缘处最大剪应力的值也随中间层厚度的增加而增大。因此，在保证接头接合良好的前提下，应采用小厚度的中间层。     

固体推进剂生产中排放有害物质对大气污染的研究

对固体推进剂生产中排放有害物质引起的大气污染问题，运用高斯模式与环境监测相结合的方法进行了系统研究，评价了不同大气稳定度下苯乙烯的浓度分布，提出了有效的防治措施。