Analytical solutions of cracks emanating from an elliptical hole under shear

Based on the complex variable method, the analytical solutions of stress functions and stress intensity factors（SIFs） are provided for the plane problem of two collinear edge cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in an infinite plate under shear. The stress distribution along the horizontal axis is given in graphical forms, which conforms to Saint-Venant＇s principle. The influences of crack length and ellipse shape on the stress intensity factors are evaluated. Comparing the analytical solutions with finite element method（FEM） results shows good coincidence. These numerical examples show that the present solutions are accurate.     

基于过程方法的测量设备控制

测量设备控制是企业内部管理和外部质量管理体系审核中的一项重要内容,在现有的管理中,因缺乏对相关过程进行系统识别,某些过程要素常被疏忽或遗漏,导致测量设备失控和测量结果失准。本文采用过程方法,系统地识别了测量设备控制的相关过程和过程要素,提出了过程监控指标及其评价准则,对于提高过程效率具有一定的参考价值。     

飞机客舱维修的便携式工作台设计

用CATIA软件设计了一款便携式工作台,在客舱地板拆除的情况下,利用该工作台可以在客舱内完成钻孔、铰孔以及小部件的组装等工作,提高了工作效率。     

时变因素作用下薄壁筒工件车削振动特性与实验

针对薄壁筒类工件的切削颤振问题,采用理论建模、数值仿真和实验测试相结合的方法,研究切削过程中时变工件厚度和切削位置对薄壁筒振动特性的影响规律.利用有限元法建立主轴-卡盘-工件工艺系统模型,分析不同壁厚、切削力位置对薄壁筒切削系统的固有模态、频率响应函数的影响.结合模态实验与切削振动实验表明:薄壁筒周向壳体模态对于壁厚的...     

关于检修分离的航空维修管理模式探讨

以维修过程中的人因研究为出发点,以“三漏”管理为例,从检修分离的理论依据、实施过程和实践成效等三个方面,尝试探索一种创新的人性化管理模式.     

载人火星探测进展及其EDL过程GNC关键技术

随着火星探测技术的不断发展和探测任务的不断推进，载人火星探测在未来将会成为火星探测的重要手段。首先，回顾了无人火星探测任务的发展历程，对比分析了部分无人火星探测器进入、下降与着陆（EDL）过程的参数。然后，结合无人火星探测、载人月球探测和载人航天再入过程，梳理了载人火星探测的特点及需求，系统地总结了前苏联/俄罗斯和美国的载人火星探测研究进展以及技术储备。接着，归纳了载人火星探测的体系构成、集结方式和主要的技术挑战。最后，概括了载人火星EDL过程面临的难题，重点阐述了EDL的导航、制导与控制（GNC）关键技术。     

洗流时差阻尼力矩研究

在分析飞机的纵向阻尼力矩时，除考虑俯仰角速度引起的俯仰阻尼力矩外，还应估算出迎角变化率引起的洗流时差阻尼力矩。根据洗流时差阻尼力矩产生的原理，推导并给出了它的计算方法。介绍了各种阻尼导数的表示方法及相互关系。最后较详细地分析了水平尾翼、马赫数、迎角变化率和下洗角随迎角的变化率诸因素对洗流时差阻尼力矩及阻尼导数的影响。     

农村人力资本流动与农用土地制度改革

新中国成立以后我国农地制度经历了曲折的变迁，对我国农业劳动力转移、土地资源可持续利用和农村可持续发展产生了巨大而深远的影响。现行的以家庭承包责任制为核心的土地制度取得的成就有目共睹，但土地平均分配的方式使农业劳动生产率偏低，农地的社会保障功能和农地流转机制的不健全又影响了农业的规模经营，因此必须建立起一套既符合我国国情，又能促进农业劳动力转移的新型农地制度。     

陈独秀与李大钊人权思想之比较

作为中国共产党早期重要的领袖与理论家,陈独秀和李大钊不仅高举人权旗帜,宣传人权理论,同时也接受了社会主义理论和无产阶级专政学说。研究他的人权思想的共性与差别,对总结二人在中国近现代思想史上的重要地位。与此同时,他们的人权思想也为在新的历史条件下高举人权旗帜,推进社会主义民主理论和实践的发展,构建社会主义和谐社会有着可借鉴的现实意义。     

Use of human wastes oxidized to different degrees in cultivation of higher plants on the soil-like substrate intended for closed ecosystems

To close mass exchange loops in bioregenerative life support systems more efficiently, researchers of the Institute of Biophysics SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) have developed a procedure of wet combustion of human wastes and inedible parts of plants using H₂O₂ in alternating electromagnetic field. Human wastes pretreated in this way can be used as nutrient solutions to grow plants in the phototrophic unit of the LSS. The purpose of this study was to explore the possibilities of using human wastes oxidized to different degrees to grow plants cultivated on the soil-like substrate (SLS). The treated human wastes were analyzed to test their sterility. Then we investigated the effects produced by human wastes oxidized to different degrees on growth and development of wheat plants and on the composition of microflora in the SLS. The irrigation solution contained water, substances extracted from the substrate, and certain amounts of the mineralized human wastes. The experiments showed that the human wastes oxidized using reduced amounts of 30% H₂O₂: 1 ml/g of feces and 0.25 ml/ml of urine were still sterile. The experiments with wheat plants grown on the SLS and irrigated by the solution containing treated human wastes in the amount simulating 1/6 of the daily diet of a human showed that the degree of oxidation of human wastes did not significantly affect plant productivity. On the other hand, the composition of the microbiota of irrigation solutions was affected by the oxidation level of the added metabolites. In the solutions supplemented with partially oxidized metabolites yeast-like microscopic fungi were 20 times more abundant than in the solutions containing fully oxidized metabolites. Moreover, in the solutions containing incompletely oxidized human wastes the amounts of phytopathogenic bacteria and denitrifying microorganisms were larger. Thus, insufficiently oxidized sterile human wastes added to the irrigation solutions significantly affect the composition of the microbiological component of these solutions, which can ultimately unbalance the system as a whole.