基于气动谐振点火器的氢氧变轨火箭发动机地面点火试验

结合气动谐振点火器进行头部设计的氢氧变轨火箭发动机是一项新颖化学火箭推进技术,尤其适于空间站应用。在对适用于发动机头部结构方案的同轴氢氧谐振点火器进行大量特性试验研究的基础上,先后成功进行了发动机头部点火,发动机整体的单脉冲、双脉冲以及3.0s稳定燃烧几种工作状态下的多次试车试验,研制出满足相关技术要求的发动机地面试车样件。      

蒸发式Z形值班火焰稳定器的点火性能

针对一种蒸发式Z形值班火焰稳定器进行了点火性能试验研究,采用高速摄影和图像处理的方法获得了不同点火位置下初始火核的生成及发展过程,并对回流区油雾分布及时均火焰结构进行分析。试验结果表明:相比传统薄膜蒸发式火焰稳定器,蒸发式Z形火焰稳定器的贫油点熄火当量比在马赫数超02时能降低311%和194%。Z形值班火焰稳定器具有双燃烧反应区特征,点火位置影响初始火核的形成,当第二反应区对火核生成起主导作用时值班火焰稳定器的点火性能较好、火核发展较快。点火位置位于Z形槽下拐角附近时能获得较好的点火性能,而靠近回流区与主流交界面时点火性能较差;同时低温高速条件下低燃油蒸发率导致的燃油分布不均会带来点火性能的展向差异。     

Preliminary experiment on spontaneous ignition performances of cavity-based strut flameholder

The thermal-structural response and low cycle fatigue life of a three-dimensional (3D) channel wall nozzle with regenerative cooling were numerically investigated by coupling the finite volume fluid-thermal method, nonlinear finite element thermal-structural analysis and local strain methods. The nozzle had a high area ratio (nozzle exit area divided by throat area) under cyclic working loads. Parametric studies were carried out to evaluate the effects of channel structural parameters such as channel width, channel height, liner thickness and rib width. Results showed that the integrated effects of three-dimensional channel structure and load distribution caused serious strain, which mainly occurred at the intersectant regions of liner wall on the gas side and the symmetric planes of channel and rib. The cooling effect and channel structural strength were significantly improved as the channel width and height decreased, leading to substantial extension of the nozzle service life. On the other hand, the successive decrease in liner thickness and rib width apparently increased the strain amplitude and residual strain of channel wall nozzle during cyclic work, significantly shortening the service life. The present work is of value for design of the channel wall nozzle to prolong its cyclic service life.      

主燃孔轴向位置对低压点火性能的影响

对回流燃烧室设计了两种主燃孔结构(交错射流和对齐射流),在不同压力条件下对不同主燃孔方案的回流燃烧室的点火性能进行了试验研究.试验结果表明:随着回流燃烧室进口空气压力的降低,点火边界的油气比先减小后升高,而对齐主燃孔的火焰筒方案的低压点火性能优于交错主燃孔.结合火焰筒冷态流场数值模拟和试验中观察到的点火现象进行对比分析,对齐主燃孔方案存在更大范围的回流区,其火焰筒头部参考速度较低.此方案有利于减弱火焰核心的淬熄概率,同时增强头部火焰燃烧的稳定性,从而改善了回流燃烧室的点火性能.      

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

三头部燃烧室点火过程中火焰传播特性研究

为了探讨三头部燃烧室点火过程中的火焰传播特性,建立了矩形模型燃烧试验系统,开展了流动与点火过程中火焰传播特性、当量比对周向点火过程影响规律的研究.研究表明:初始火核主要在中心回流区边界形成,其传播过程具有阶段性,先顺流线方向进行传递,待燃烧强度增大到一定值后,火焰才开始向其他区域延伸;在相同压损下,当量比减小会使得燃烧...     

航改型双环燃烧室燃烧反应特性试验

针对地面运输用燃气轮机低排放的要求,试验研究了一种双环预混旋流(TAPS)燃烧室在以0号柴油为燃料时的反应特性。结果表明:采用TAPS燃烧室由于空气分配方式的改变,总压恢复系数在0.97以上,高于经典单环燃烧室。由于柴油黏度和燃点的影响,使用柴油为燃料时最低常压点火油气比高于0.05,要比相同结构采用航空煤油为燃料时的点火油气比高,但慢车贫油熄火极限没有明显的变化,维持在0.006~0.008之间。采用压力雾化的预燃级存在燃料混合不均匀的问题,导致燃烧效率只能达到0.99,为要求值的下限,但燃烧室出口温度分布系数小于0.25,达到了所要求的性能指标。由于采用了预混预蒸发燃烧,污染物排放中NOx的干基体积分数为1.76×10-5,明显低于所要求的性能指标,但CO的干基体积分数较高达到了5.02×10-4。综合比较各项性能指标,该燃烧室在点火、贫油熄火、燃烧室出口温度分布和NOx排放上表现出了一定的优势,但燃烧效率低和CO排放高还是需要解决的问题。      

超声速燃烧室氢气强迫点火过程实验

模拟飞行Ma=4.0的超燃冲压发动机的燃烧室进口条件,在直连式试验台上对超燃冲压发动机氢气火花塞点火过程进行了研究。通过高速摄影与高速纹影捕捉了点火过程初始火焰发展与流程波系演化过程。结果表明,初始火焰传播受高速对流、湍流火焰传播和自点火多种机制控制,凹腔结构不仅提供低速环境,还在初始火焰传播过程中具有能量反馈和质量反馈(活化分子)作用,促进剪切层内火焰的发展。     

Investigation of dual ignition for a detonation-driven shock tunnel in forward driving mode

A detonation-driven shock tunnel is useful as a ground test facility for hypersonic flow research. The forward detonation driving mode is usually used to achieve high-enthalpy flows due to its strong driving capability. Unfortunately, the strong detonation wave front results in diaphragm fragments that disturb the test flow and scratch the nozzle or test models. In this study, a dual ignition system was developed to burst a metal diaphragm without fragmentation in the forward driving mode. A series of experiments were conducted to validate the proposed technique. The influences of the delay time setting on the test conditions were investigated in detail. Numerical simulations were also conducted to obtain a better understanding of the wave processes in the shock tube. The results showed that the dual ignition system solved the diaphragm issues in the forward driving mode. The test time was shortened due to the additional ignition close to the primary diaphragm; the smaller the delay time, the shorter the effective test time. However, a small amount of time loss is considered worthwhile because the severe diaphragm problems have been solved.     

凹腔支板火焰稳定器自燃点火性能初步试验

以凹腔支板火焰稳定器为研究对象,在进口温度为750~900℃、马赫数为0.20~0.28、氧气体积分数为13.4%~15.8%、喷嘴距支板前缘5~50mm及常压的条件下,开展自燃点火性能的试验研究。试验表明:凹腔支板火焰稳定器在进口温度为850℃以上可成功实现自燃点火。自燃点火性能随进口温度的升高而提高;随着进口马赫数的提高,火焰稳定器自燃点火成功的温度范围越窄;随着燃油喷射距离的增大,稳定器自燃点火性能有所提高。稳定器的凹腔结构能够稳定火焰。