利用VLBI技术进行深空航天器跟踪的仿真分析

差分VLBI(D-VLBI)技术常用于测量航天器相对于参考射电源的角位置,用其跟踪深空航天器可取得足够高的精度。针对深空探测任务中D-VLBI技术的特性,提供了观测时间间隔的设置参考,通过仿真分析,研究了航天器和参考射电源之间的角距离、传播路径上的介质差异等因素及其对观测精度的影响,为后续深空航天器飞行任务的设计提供技术支持。     

Analysis on Potential Conflict Frequency of Intersected Air Routes in Terminal Airspace Design

In order to obtain accurate conflict risks in terminal airspace design, the concept and calculation model of potential conflict frequency for intersected routes are proposed. Conflict frequency is represented by the product of horizontal conflict frequency and vertical conflict probability. The horizontal conflict frequency is derived from the probability density distribution of conflicts in a period of time. Based on the recorded radar trajectory data, the concept and model of ROUTE distance are proposed, and the probability density function of aircraft height at a specified ROUTE distance is deduced by kernel density estimation. Furthermore, vertical conflict probability and its horizontal distribution are achieved. Examples of three intersected arrival and departure route design schemes are studied. Compared with scheme 1, the conflict frequency values of the other two improved schemes decrease to 53 % and 24%, respectively. The results show that the model can quantify potential conflict frequency of intersec ted routes.     

New one-axis one-sensor magnetic attitude control theoretical and in-flight performance

New one-axis magnetic attitude control is proposed. Only one attitude sensor providing any inertial direction measurements is necessary, magnetometer is not used. The control may be used as a backup capability in case main actuators or some attitude sensors fail. Sun pointing is achievable using only three-axis Sun sensor, so the control may be used to lower the power consumption during battery charging. Asymptotic stability of different equilibria depending on the satellite inertia tensor is summarized. In-flight results from “Chibis-M” microsatellite are provided proving general control performance.     

应用计算几何的月面太阳辐照度仿真模型

月面太阳辐照度对月面环境分析、月面巡视器设计具有重要意义。文章提出了一种应用计算几何的月面任意位置太阳辐照度仿真模型。首先,计算太阳、地球等天体相对月面点的位置;然后,将各天体投影至以月面点为球心的天球球面,并通过裁剪运算和二维布尔运算得到太阳未被遮挡的形状;最后,利用太阳可见面积对理想太阳辐照度模型进行修正,得到通用的模型。为验证提出模型的有效性,将仿真结果与STK软件进行比较。结果表明,文章中的模型综合考虑了地球、月面等多种因素对太阳辐射的耦合影响,其与STK软件获得的结果相比,更符合真实的太阳光照状态。     

Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from TanDEM-X and comparison with TerraSAR-X

On 21 June 2010 the TerraSAR-X satellite was joined by the TanDEM-X satellite. A Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) experiment using the twin satellites has been carried out to estimate the precision of GPS atmospheric soundings. For the Day Of Year (DOY) 330–336, 2011, we analyze phase and amplitude data recorded by GPS receivers separated by a few hundred meters in a low earth orbit and derive collocated atmospheric refractivity profiles. In the altitude range 10–20 km the standard deviation between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity does not exceed 0.15%. The standard deviation is rapidly increasing for lower and higher altitudes; close to the surface and at an altitude of 30 km the standard deviation reaches 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Systematic deviations between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity in the considered altitude range (0–30 km) are negligible. The results confirm the anticipated high precision of the GPS RO technique. However, the difference in the retrieved refractivity in the lower troposphere for different Open Loop (OL) signal tracking parameters, altered onboard TanDEM-X for DOY 49–55, 2012, calls for an in depth analysis. At the moment we can not exclude that a potential bias in the OL Doppler model introduces a bias in our retrieved refractivity at altitudes <8$<8$ km.     

基于伪相关函数的BOC无模糊跟踪性能分析

BOC(Binary-Offset-Carrier)调制广泛应用于全球导航卫星系统中,但由于BOC自相关函数的多峰导致传统码跟踪环路存在模糊性。伪相关函数(Pseudo Correlation Function, PCF)方法在本地采用两个特殊的参考信号和非线性处理以获得无模糊的相关函数。根据一种PCF方法本地参考波形设计的充分条件,推导了其无模糊函数的数学形式,并着重分析了其跟踪和抗多径性能与本地参考波形的关系。仿真结果表明：该PCF方法解决了跟踪模糊问题,且随着参考信号的宽度因子增加,其跟踪精度逐步改善;该PCF方法对于中长延迟多径干扰抑制能力较好,宽度因子为0.5或1时,其多径误差最小。     

基于无奇异变换的卫星广播星历拟合算法

针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,致使卫星轨道的近地点角距定义模糊,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵（H^TH）奇异的问题,本文提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,推导了空间目标位置矢量对基于无奇异轨道根数的广播星历参数偏导数矩阵,利用变换后的观测方程迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。最后利用仿真算例验证了所推公式和算法的合理性。     

弹性高超声速飞行器建模及精细姿态控制

为保证超燃冲压发动机的良好进气,需要对高超声速飞行器进行精细姿态控制,但弹性振动问题极大影响其精细姿态控制精度。以高超声速飞行器的纵向通道为例,分析弹性振动问题对飞行控制系统的影响,建立面向控制的弹性高超声速飞行器数学模型,考虑气动参数和模态参数的大范围摄动,采用主动控制策略,基于鲁棒H∞理论和LQR理论设计精细姿态控制系统。大量仿真表明：在考虑测量噪声、舵机非线性、参数大范围摄动的情况下,控制系统能够很好地跟踪刚体攻角,抑制弹性攻角,并保证进气口当地攻角±0.4度的控制精度,满足高超声速飞行器精细姿态控制的要求。     

GPS在气象火箭遥测跟踪上的应用

利用GPS全球定位系统、天线云台和宽波瓣天线组成的跟踪系统, 研究了接收位置信息与跟踪之间的时间差, 气象火箭理论弹道误差导致的中断跟踪,气象火箭探空仪分离后至初次定位前的跟踪, 天线云台转到359°位置后反转359°及跟踪过程中跟踪中断后的继续跟踪等关键问题,成功实现了气象火箭探空仪的遥测跟踪. 该跟踪系统在子午工程气象火箭试验中得到较好的应用, 此种跟踪方式相比传统雷达跟踪方式具有体积小、重量轻、操作简单、成本低、机动性强、跟踪可靠性强等诸多优点.      

单音干扰下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪性能研究

扩频测控信号的伪码跟踪性能直接关系到测控系统的测距精度。以伪码跟踪环中鉴相曲线平衡点的过零偏移为研究对象,推导了音频干扰条件下扩频测控信号伪码跟踪的干扰最大误差;并针对干扰最大误差需考虑具体鉴相算法的特点,提出基于相关曲线主瓣的二阶中心矩扩展因子的性能评价方法。该方法利用伪码相关曲线主瓣在干扰前后的畸变情况,反映干扰对伪码跟踪性能的影响。仿真分析表明,干扰最大误差的理论及仿真结果和二阶中心矩扩展因子所得结论一致,从而验证了干扰最大误差理论的正确性以及所提性能指标的有效性。