周期性供油气助雾化直喷喷嘴雾化特性试验

对一种典型的周期性供油气助雾化直喷喷嘴的雾化特性进行试验研究,分析总结了喷油脉宽、间隔时间、喷气脉宽以及空气压力对雾化性能的影响规律.试验中使用RP-3航空煤油作用工质,使用压缩空气作为介质;用激光粒度分析仪对油雾场进行测量并进行处理分析;喷油脉宽与喷气脉宽变化范围为2～8ms,间隔时间为-2～5ms,空气压力为0.1～0.65MPa.研究结果表明:随着气油比的增加,索太尔平均直径减小,均匀程度增加,雾化性能提高;增加空气压力,可以使空气密度增加,加大空气与燃油的气动作用力,有利于雾化性能的提高;增加间隔时间也可使雾化性能有小幅度的提升;在较大的平均粒径下,更加分散的粒径分布仍然可以具有较大的均匀度分布指数.对试验数据进行分析,在较高空气压力下,得到了该周期性供油气助雾化直喷喷嘴的平均粒径的经验计算模型.      

某型航空发动机用离心喷嘴燃油空间分布特性试验

建立了平面激光诱导荧光(PLIF)用于燃油分布特性测量的试验装置及其校正方法,并验证了校正方法的有效性.PLIF和平面激光散射(PLS)方法的燃油分布特性测量结果表明PLS方法对直径小于50μm的液滴存在非线性效应使小液滴集中区燃油分布测量结果偏大,PLIF方法适合燃油分布特性测量.利用PLIF方法从喷雾锥角、燃油周向分布不均匀度和分布指数等方面综合评价燃油空间分布特性.偏心和尺寸大小不等的凹槽等分布不均匀的表现形式表明:造成燃油分布不均匀的因素包括喷嘴内部通道表面粗糙度、喷射孔圆度和零件之间的同轴度.利用PLIF方法研究雾锥在供油压差分别为0.14,0.25,2.5MPa时雾锥沿喷射方向的发展过程,液滴随雾锥发展逐渐从环形集中区分散到整个雾锥横截面,并且液滴分散过程随供油压差增加而加快.      

ULF wave index as magnetospheric and space-weather parameters

Waves in the Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) band owe their existence to solar wind turbulence and transport momentum and energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and farther down. Therefore an index based on ULF wave power could better characterize solar wind–magnetosphere interaction than K_P, Dst, AE, etc. indices which described mainly quasi-study state condition of the system. We have shown that the ULF wave index accurately characterize relativistic electron dynamics in the magnetosphere as these waves are closely associated with circulation, diffusion and energization of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere. High speed solar wind streams also act as a significant driver of activity in the Earth’s magnetosphere co-rotating interaction region and are responsible for geomagnetic activities. In the present paper, we have analyzed various cases related with very weak (quiet) days, weak days, storm days and eclipse events and discussed the utility of the ULF wave index to explain the magnetospheric dynamics and associated properties. We have tried to explain that the ULF wave index can equally be useful as a space weather parameter like the other indices.     

战斗机地面停放时飞行员综合热应激预测模型

预测夏季战斗机地面停放时飞行员的热应激,以提高航卫等有关人员对飞行员受高温影响的认识,并为采取必要的防护措施提供依据.首先由气象条件估算战斗机座舱内热环境参数,分析穿着夏季飞行基础服装时飞行员在座舱热环境中的热调节过程,模拟飞行员热生理指标变化情况,从而预测飞行员的热应激水平.编制了飞行员穿夏季基础着装在座舱中的热分析软件,给出了热应激预测结果,经高温舱试验验证,人体平均皮肤温度、核心温度及平均体温增值计算与试验结果变化趋势相同,且量值接近,热应激预警结果一致.综合热应激指数模型预测与试验结果对比偏差均小于20%,预测模型合理可靠,能满足使用要求.      

机载红外扫描仪的设计

描述了机载红外扫描仪的设计和主要性能参数;详细论述了光学、电学及照相记录系统的设计方法及参数计算。     

1,3,5-三硝基苯类化合物的撞击感度与分子拓扑指数

选取两种分子拓扑指数－分子联接度指数与键参数边通性指数,分别研究了含能化合物１,３,５－三硝基苯类化合物的分子结构与撞击感度间的关系。用分子拓扑学方法,计算了该类化合物的分子拓扑指数,结果表明,分子拓扑性质与撞击感度之间呈明显的相关性,并与景子化学计算方法的结果相一致,反映了引发基团与其它强授电子基团是影响撞击感度的重要因素。     

A study of L band scintillations during the initial phase of rising solar activity at an Indian low latitude station

The ionospheric scintillation and TEC (Total Electron Content) variations are studied using GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements at an Indian low latitude station Surat (21.16°N, 72.78°E; Geomagnetic: 12.90°N, 147.35°E), situated near the northern crest of the equatorial anomaly region. The results are presented for data collected during the initial phase of current rising solar activity (low to moderate solar activity) period between January 2009 and December 2011. The results show that within a total number of 656 night-time scintillation events, 340 events are observed with TEC depletions, Rate of change of TEC (ROT) fluctuations and enhancement of Rate of change of TEC Index (ROTI). A comparison of night-time scintillation events from the considered period reveal strong correlation amongst the duration of scintillation activity in S₄ index_, TEC depletion, ROT fluctuations and ROTI enhancement in the year 2011, followed by the year 2010 and least in 2009. The statistical analyses of scintillation activity with enhancement of ROTI also show that about 70–96% scintillation activity took place in equinox and winter months. Moreover, from a nocturnal variation in occurrence of scintillation with (S₄ ? 0.2) and enhancement of ROTI with (ROTI ? 0.5), a general trend of higher occurrence in pre-midnight hours of equinox and winter seasons is observed in both indices during the year 2011 and 2010, while no significant trend is observed in the year 2009. The results suggest the presence of F-region ionospheric irregularities with scale sizes of few kilometers and few hundred meters over Surat and are found to be influenced by solar and magnetic activity.     

直升机海上应急救援能力评估研究

将直升机海上应急救援过程中“事前预防—事中响应—事后恢复”3 个阶段的安全问题考虑到应急救援体系中,可有效评估直升机海上应急救援能力,提高其应急救援效率。基于“5W1H”分析法设计研究框架,通过文献分析、问卷调查、专家咨询等方法对直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标进行筛选,确定出21 项评价指标并构建直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标体系;利用基于D-S 证据理论的层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法构建直升机海上应急救援能力综合评估模型;将该评估模型应用到以海上风机维护人员受伤为例的救援演练中,得分为86.89,判定救援能力为“较强”。结果表明：该评价指标体系和评估模型有一定的实用性,能够有效评价直升机海上应急救援的能力。     

直升机起落架轮轴碳化钨磨削工艺研究

直升机起落架轮轴表面喷涂碳化钨涂层后可提高轮轴的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,但是受超声速火焰喷涂工艺方法的限制,喷涂碳化钨的轮轴必须通过磨削工艺保证表面质量和尺寸精度,然而轮轴的弱加工刚性和涂层的高耐磨性导致磨削过程中易产生让刀、颤刀等现象,造成零件磨削质量不合格。首先采用正交试验法研究四种精磨工艺参数对于磨削表面粗糙度的影响;然后研究装夹工具和磨削策略对于零件圆柱度的影响;最后加工并收集15 件轮轴的各段外圆尺寸并计算其过程能力指数。结果表明：选择高砂轮线速度、小切深以及适中的砂轮轴向进给速度与工件线速度可以获得粗糙度为0.4 μm 的零件表面,增加装夹工具的夹持长度和刚性并采用“粗磨—精磨—光磨”策略可保证零件外圆的圆柱度不大于0.01 mm。轮轴过程能力指数的计算结果不小于1.33,验证了整个磨削工艺的可靠性与稳定性。     

行星际扰动与不同级别磁暴强度关系的研究

利用1997-2004年间ACE卫星太阳风观测的时均值数据和相应的Dst指数,针对Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴,分析了行星际参数(Bz,Ey,v,Pk,|B|,ε'=vxB2zsin4(θ/2))与Dst指数的相关关系.验证了Ey,Bz与Dst指数的良好相关性;按磁暴强度的不同,发现磁暴强度越大,行星际参数与磁暴强度(Dstmin)的相关性就越好.对于中等磁暴(-100 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT),行星际参数与磁暴强度的相关系数不高.如果把磁暴分为两个档次,即-150 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴和Dstmin≤-150 nT的磁暴,计算结果表明,ε'与Dst指数的相关性是最好的.在诸多行星际参数中,就单一因素来说,Ey对磁暴强度影响最大,Bz对磁暴强度影响次之.