Estimating canopy LAI and chlorophyll of tropical forest plantation (North India) using Sentinel-2 data

With the free and full access to images from Sentinel-2 satellite, the interest to use this data for quantitative retrieval of vegetation parameters is ever-increasing. LAI and chlorophyll are two key variables which are desired for studying productivity, nutrient and stress status of vegetation. Studies carried out on croplands using simulated Sentinel-2 MSI and parametric approach have identified vegetation indices (VIs) with high sensitivity to LAI and chlorophyll. To test how Sentinel-2 red-edge based VIs perform for retrieval of LAI and Chlorophyll of tropical mixed forest canopies, this study has been performed. The field measurements of LAI and chlorophyll content were recorded in a total of 28 ESUs (Elementary Sampling Units) in Bhakra range in the Tarai Central Forest Division, Uttarakhand (India). The in-situ measurements were statistically correlated with Sentinel-2VIs and strength of correlation was validated using Predicted Residual Error Sum of Squares (PRESS) statistic. Field LAI corrected for foliage clumpiness effect improved correlation of VIs with LAI. Among all VIs tested, Normalized Difference Index (NDI) offered highest positive correlation (R² = 0.79, p < 0.05) with LAI while Red-Edge Chlorophyll Index (RECI) (R² = 0.83, RMSE = 0.24 g/m², p < 0.05) and Simple Ratio (SR) 740/705 (R² = 0.79, RMSE = 0.27 g/m², p < 0.05) were the most closely related to chlorophyll content. VIs with red-edge and NIR combinations offered best results.     

一种卫星通信系统效能评估方法研究

通信效能评估是开发、使用和优化卫星通信系统的基本任务。通过对卫星系统通信能力指标体系的分析,分别运用单向链法和模糊评价法,确定了通信指标的权重和归一化效用函数。结合实例对函数模型进行了验证,为评估卫星通信系统的综合效能提供了一定的参考。     

不同地磁活动期间地球同步轨道

文章利用地球同步轨道GOES6～12卫星1986-2006年约两个太阳活动周期的高能电子角通量密度数据,分析了在地磁平静期或不同程度磁暴期间高能电子通量的变化,为建立更精确的航天器内部充电动态模型奠定基础。研究结果表明:地球同步轨道高能电子通量随太阳活动周期的变化规律表现为,在太阳活动极大年通量较低,极小年反而较高;高能电子通量随季节的变化规律表现为,在冬至和夏至附近通量达到最低值,春秋分附近达到最高值;Dst指数最小时,对应的高能电子通量一般较低。     

Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

直升机海上应急救援能力评估研究

将直升机海上应急救援过程中“事前预防—事中响应—事后恢复”3 个阶段的安全问题考虑到应急救援体系中,可有效评估直升机海上应急救援能力,提高其应急救援效率。基于“5W1H”分析法设计研究框架,通过文献分析、问卷调查、专家咨询等方法对直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标进行筛选,确定出21 项评价指标并构建直升机海上应急救援能力评估指标体系;利用基于D-S 证据理论的层次分析法确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评估法构建直升机海上应急救援能力综合评估模型;将该评估模型应用到以海上风机维护人员受伤为例的救援演练中,得分为86.89,判定救援能力为“较强”。结果表明：该评价指标体系和评估模型有一定的实用性,能够有效评价直升机海上应急救援的能力。     

直升机起落架轮轴碳化钨磨削工艺研究

直升机起落架轮轴表面喷涂碳化钨涂层后可提高轮轴的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,但是受超声速火焰喷涂工艺方法的限制,喷涂碳化钨的轮轴必须通过磨削工艺保证表面质量和尺寸精度,然而轮轴的弱加工刚性和涂层的高耐磨性导致磨削过程中易产生让刀、颤刀等现象,造成零件磨削质量不合格。首先采用正交试验法研究四种精磨工艺参数对于磨削表面粗糙度的影响;然后研究装夹工具和磨削策略对于零件圆柱度的影响;最后加工并收集15 件轮轴的各段外圆尺寸并计算其过程能力指数。结果表明：选择高砂轮线速度、小切深以及适中的砂轮轴向进给速度与工件线速度可以获得粗糙度为0.4 μm 的零件表面,增加装夹工具的夹持长度和刚性并采用“粗磨—精磨—光磨”策略可保证零件外圆的圆柱度不大于0.01 mm。轮轴过程能力指数的计算结果不小于1.33,验证了整个磨削工艺的可靠性与稳定性。     

基于可拓评价法的区域管制系统运行质量评估

在保证区域管制系统安全运行的前提下,提高区域管制系统的运行质量可以提高航路网的运输效率,减小航路的交通拥挤,而评价其运行质量水平为提高运行质量提供了理论依据,因此有必要对区域管制系统的运行质量进行评估.基于区域管制系统的运行过程,从区域管制服务的安全性、效率性选取了评估指标,构建了质量评价体系.在此基础上,采用可拓评价法建立了区域管制系统运行质量评估模型.算例分析验证了质量评估模型的可行性.     

行星际扰动与不同级别磁暴强度关系的研究

利用1997-2004年间ACE卫星太阳风观测的时均值数据和相应的Dst指数,针对Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴,分析了行星际参数(Bz,Ey,v,Pk,|B|,ε'=vxB2zsin4(θ/2))与Dst指数的相关关系.验证了Ey,Bz与Dst指数的良好相关性;按磁暴强度的不同,发现磁暴强度越大,行星际参数与磁暴强度(Dstmin)的相关性就越好.对于中等磁暴(-100 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT),行星际参数与磁暴强度的相关系数不高.如果把磁暴分为两个档次,即-150 nT＜Dstmin≤-50 nT的磁暴和Dstmin≤-150 nT的磁暴,计算结果表明,ε'与Dst指数的相关性是最好的.在诸多行星际参数中,就单一因素来说,Ey对磁暴强度影响最大,Bz对磁暴强度影响次之.      

ULF wave index as magnetospheric and space-weather parameters

Waves in the Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) band owe their existence to solar wind turbulence and transport momentum and energy from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and farther down. Therefore an index based on ULF wave power could better characterize solar wind–magnetosphere interaction than K_P, Dst, AE, etc. indices which described mainly quasi-study state condition of the system. We have shown that the ULF wave index accurately characterize relativistic electron dynamics in the magnetosphere as these waves are closely associated with circulation, diffusion and energization of relativistic electrons in the magnetosphere. High speed solar wind streams also act as a significant driver of activity in the Earth’s magnetosphere co-rotating interaction region and are responsible for geomagnetic activities. In the present paper, we have analyzed various cases related with very weak (quiet) days, weak days, storm days and eclipse events and discussed the utility of the ULF wave index to explain the magnetospheric dynamics and associated properties. We have tried to explain that the ULF wave index can equally be useful as a space weather parameter like the other indices.