基于L-M算法的液体火箭推力室壁面热流密度测量方法

为获取液体火箭推力室热防护方案构建的基础数据,结合单点瞬态法,提出了基于L-M算法测量壁面热流密度的方法。通过模拟热流密度分析算法中关键参数对求解精度的影响,给出关键参数的选取建议。在此基础上,对过氧化氢煤油推力室典型试验工况进行热流密度测量。结果表明：圆筒段末端壁面热流密度为3.35MW/m²,喉部位置单组元工况下壁面热流密度为2.21MW/m²,双组元工况下壁面热流密度为10.59MW/m²,热流密度变化过程与室压变化过程完全对应。变工况过程中近壁处燃气温度存在恢复过程,燃气温度稳定后,壁面热流密度也达到稳定状态。本文提出的方法可迅速、准确地测量推力室壁面热流密度。     

组合动力用过氧化氢煤油推力室热防护方案设计方法

本文面向组合动力对过氧化氢煤油推力室的应用需求,建立工程计算方法以进行热防护方案设计。通过修正燃气对流换热系数和引入液膜分解率完善工程算法,使工程计算结果与三维流固热耦合计算结果和实际试验结果符合较好。在此基础上,对组合动力用推力室进行热防护方案设计,结果表明：采用头部过氧化氢液膜和身部过氧化氢再生的方式可实现可靠热防护,其中,液膜流量在氧化剂中占比为30%。采用上述研究思路具备开展快速方案论证的能力,可在众多方案中选出热防护性能较优的方案。     

一种热平衡等温机制的新型热防护及相关技术

给出了一种适用于高超声速飞行器热防护的新概念——疏导式热防护,其基本理论是利用热平衡等温机制,使防热层趋于一等温体,实现热负载平衡。针对这一概念,进行了较为系统的研究,包括原理、分析方法、实现疏导式热防护的关键技术。研究结果表明,疏导式热防护技术可有效地减少高热流区的温度和热应力,是一种有效的非烧蚀热防护技术。     

农地使用权流转对我国耕地保护的影响及对策

耕地保护事关国家粮食安全、生态平衡和社会稳定,为此政府一直实行世界最严格的制度来保护耕地。但发展中国家的快速城市化进程必然导致部分耕地被城市建设用地替代。出于农村经济发展的内在要求及提高土地资源配置效率的需要,在市场经济的条件下,促进农地使用权的流转成为我国耕地保护制度改革过程中的重要环节。     

航天功能复合材料发展现状及趋势

文章综述了航天功能复合材料的发展现状及趋势,内容包括各种类型的功能复合材料及主要应用领域。对当前用于航天领域的热防护功能复合材料分别作了重点介绍,包括航天器热防护系统及材料、抗烧蚀热防护复合材料、梯度功能复合材料以及它们的组成、作用机理和主要应用。最后探讨得出功能复合材料的发展趋势是高性能化、多功能化和低成本化。     

Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach

In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts.     

典型空间聚合物介质的抗内带电改性技术

消除航天器介质内带电所产生脉冲放电威胁的最佳方式,除有效屏蔽外,就是研制不会产生脉冲放电的介质材料和绝缘结构件.通过对航天器用聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂和聚四氟乙烯等几种典型聚合物的改性研究发现,采用微米级无机粉料对聚合物介质材料进行改性,只要添加剂的电导率显著低于聚合物的电导率,该复合介质材料即可产生显著的非线性电阻率特性,可以实现在介质内带电程度达到放电阈值时迅速以非脉冲电导电流方式释放掉所储存的危险电荷,有可能达到消除脉冲放电的目标;当该添加剂含有微量"施主"杂质时甚至还可以提高介质材料在正常情况下的电阻率.对复合介质非线性电阻特性的产生机理进行了分析.      

对沈阳市五所高校学生参与户外运动的调查与分析

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计等方法,对沈阳市部分高校学生参加户外运动的现状及影响因素进行了较为全面、客观的调查与分析。得出结论：沈阳市高校普通学生对户外运动的参与意向较高,男女生对户外运动的选择表现出极大的差异,男生在攀岩、穿越、探险等项目上选择人数明显高于女生,女生在郊游、登山、徒步等项目上选择比例明显高于男生;愉悦心情为大学生参加户外运动的首选动机;但由于众多客观因素限制,导致参与情况不乐观。文章对沈阳市高校学生户外运动的健康发展与科学指导提供了一定的依据,并对如何培养沈阳市高校学生的终身体育思想与体育行为提出了相关建议。     

Planetary protection implementation on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission

In August 2005 NASA launched a large orbiting science observatory, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), for what is scheduled to be a 5.4-year mission. High resolution imaging of the surface is a principal goal of the mission. One consequence of this goal however is the need for a low science orbit. Unfortunately this orbit fails the required 20-year orbit life set in NASA Planetary Protection (PP) requirements [NASA. Planetary protection provisions for robotic extraterrestrial missions, NASA procedural requirements NPR 8020.12C, NASA HQ, Washington, DC, April 2005.]. So rather than sacrifice the science goals of the mission by raising the science orbit, the MRO Project chose to be the first orbiter to pursue the bio-burden reduction approach.     

国际行星保护发展综述

首先介绍了行星保护的定义,然后回顾了国际行星保护政策的提出和演化过程,给出了当前国际行星保护政策针对不同目标和任务形式的最新要求,简要介绍了美、欧、日、俄和印度等世界各主要航天国家/机构在行星保护方面的管理制度和实施情况等发展现状,对行星保护实施过程中的主要技术途径进行了分析,最后介绍了行星保护领域的最新进展,并提出了思考和建议。