典型空间聚合物介质的抗内带电改性技术

消除航天器介质内带电所产生脉冲放电威胁的最佳方式,除有效屏蔽外,就是研制不会产生脉冲放电的介质材料和绝缘结构件.通过对航天器用聚酰亚胺、环氧树脂和聚四氟乙烯等几种典型聚合物的改性研究发现,采用微米级无机粉料对聚合物介质材料进行改性,只要添加剂的电导率显著低于聚合物的电导率,该复合介质材料即可产生显著的非线性电阻率特性,可以实现在介质内带电程度达到放电阈值时迅速以非脉冲电导电流方式释放掉所储存的危险电荷,有可能达到消除脉冲放电的目标;当该添加剂含有微量"施主"杂质时甚至还可以提高介质材料在正常情况下的电阻率.对复合介质非线性电阻特性的产生机理进行了分析.      

对沈阳市五所高校学生参与户外运动的调查与分析

文章采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计等方法,对沈阳市部分高校学生参加户外运动的现状及影响因素进行了较为全面、客观的调查与分析。得出结论：沈阳市高校普通学生对户外运动的参与意向较高,男女生对户外运动的选择表现出极大的差异,男生在攀岩、穿越、探险等项目上选择人数明显高于女生,女生在郊游、登山、徒步等项目上选择比例明显高于男生;愉悦心情为大学生参加户外运动的首选动机;但由于众多客观因素限制,导致参与情况不乐观。文章对沈阳市高校学生户外运动的健康发展与科学指导提供了一定的依据,并对如何培养沈阳市高校学生的终身体育思想与体育行为提出了相关建议。     

Planetary protection implementation on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission

In August 2005 NASA launched a large orbiting science observatory, the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), for what is scheduled to be a 5.4-year mission. High resolution imaging of the surface is a principal goal of the mission. One consequence of this goal however is the need for a low science orbit. Unfortunately this orbit fails the required 20-year orbit life set in NASA Planetary Protection (PP) requirements [NASA. Planetary protection provisions for robotic extraterrestrial missions, NASA procedural requirements NPR 8020.12C, NASA HQ, Washington, DC, April 2005.]. So rather than sacrifice the science goals of the mission by raising the science orbit, the MRO Project chose to be the first orbiter to pursue the bio-burden reduction approach.     

Thermal protection system development,testing, and qualification for atmospheric probes and sample return missions: Examples for Saturn,Titan and Stardust-type sample return

The science community has continued to be interested in planetary entry probes, aerocapture, and sample return missions to improve our understanding of the Solar System. As in the case of the Galileo entry probe, such missions are critical to the understanding not only of the individual planets, but also to further knowledge regarding the formation of the Solar System. It is believed that Saturn probes to depths corresponding to 10 bars will be sufficient to provide the desired data on its atmospheric composition. An aerocapture mission would enable delivery of a satellite to provide insight into how gravitational forces cause dynamic changes in Saturn’s ring structure that are akin to the evolution of protoplanetary accretion disks. Heating rates for the “shallow” Saturn probes, Saturn aerocapture, and sample Earth return missions with higher re-entry speeds (13–15 km/s) from Mars, Venus, comets, and asteroids are in the range of 1–6 KW/cm². New, mid-density thermal protection system (TPS) materials for such probes can be mission enabling for mass efficiency and also for use on smaller vehicles enabled by advancements in scientific instrumentation. Past consideration of new Jovian multiprobe missions has been considered problematic without the Giant Planet arcjet facility that was used to qualify carbon phenolic for the Galileo probe. This paper describes emerging TPS technologies and the proposed use of an affordable, small 5 MW arcjet that can be used for TPS development, in test gases appropriate for future planetary probe and aerocapture applications. Emerging TPS technologies of interest include new versions of the Apollo Avcoat material and a densified variant of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). Application of these and other TPS materials and the use of other facilities for development and qualification of TPS for Saturn, Titan, and Sample Return missions of the Stardust class with entry speeds from 6.0 to 28.6 km/s are discussed.     

月球粉尘的研究现状

随着我国探月工程的开展,面临着月球粉尘危害性的问题,急需开展月球粉尘的研究。文章在调研的基础上,阐述了目前国外在月球粉尘方面的研究现状,主要是美国"阿波罗"计划中对月尘的特性、危害性、探测和防护方面的研究。     

卫星总装过程静电防护研究

静电防护是卫星总装过程中质量控制和安全保障的一个重要方面.为了提高航天器总装过程的静电控制水平,文章以某型号卫星为例,针对卫星总装实施特点,对卫星的总装过程进行了静电防护的相关试验和分析研究.首先使用FMEA分析表格,提出静电防护的关键项目,再利用静电检测手段,对这些关键项目进行静电测试.根据测试结果数据分析,查找出卫星总装过程中静电防护的薄弱环节,并针对性地提出相应的静电控制措施.这些研究成果为航天器总装静电控制的具体实施提供了技术支持,是对航天器总装过程静电防护深入研究的有益探索.     

中国城市静脉产业发展现状及对策研究

随着社会经济的发展,人类社会面临着越来越严重的环境污染与资源匮乏问题。为了实现人类社会的可持续发展,必须重视并大力发展静脉产业。我国城市静脉产业经过几年的发展,已经取得了一定的成绩,但仍存在着诸多问题,必须有针对性的加以解决,为其长远目标的实现提供保障。     

多约束条件下月亮对IGSO/MEO卫星干扰预报方法

针对IGSO/MEO卫星倾斜轨道(55 °)和偏航主动姿态控制的特殊性,研究了适用倾斜中高轨卫星月球干扰的亮度模型、地球遮挡模型、几何满足模型,提出了多元素约束条件下的月球干扰预报方法,解决了传统预报算法虚警概率较大的问题.实际控制结果表明,该方法实现了对在轨IGSO/MEO卫星地球敏感器月球干扰的准确预报,取得了很好的应用效果.     

光子晶体热控结构防护性能研究

光子晶体在红外波段同时具有高反射率和高辐射率,可作为高超声速飞行器的防热材料。文章利用FLUENT软件和辐射模型中的离散坐标算法对有/无光子晶体防热层结构进行了气动加热数值模拟计算,得到了在不同热流密度条件下基体的温度分布;通过计算结果的对比发现,采用光子晶体防热层结构使基体温度下降约360～515 K,具有良好的热控性能。光子晶体是一种具有广阔应用前景的热防护材料,作为高超声速飞行器的防热层结构的可行性与有效性还有待深入研究。     

离子推力器栅极放电分析和保护设计

离子推力器的栅极结构复杂、电压高,两栅之间容易发生放电,给离子电推进正常工作带来影响,文章提出推力器加工工艺和过程污染物是产生放电的主要原因。分析国内外离子电推进系统放电现象,建议采用放电保护设计,以有效保护电推进系统及卫星的正常工作。文章以电源处理单元为主,给出了针对离子推力器栅极放电的保护设计和系统控制保护措施。