疏水涂层表面防冰效果的结冰风洞实验研究

采用结冰风洞实验的研究方法,对不同疏水涂层表面的防冰效果进行了研究,建立了综合考虑结冰外形、结冰速率和结冰强度等量化参数的防冰效果评估方法。实验研究表明,硅橡胶的防冰效果并不明显,但添加16烷的硅橡胶却显示出了更好的防冰效果,因此,在高分子涂层中添加小分子材料是一种值得探索的防冰涂层研究方向。疏水涂层只能降低结冰速率,无法完全杜绝材料表面的结冰现象,需要对涂层配方及其防冰机理进行更深入的研究,才能获得更好的防冰效果。研究结果对于防冰理论和技术的发展具有现实的意义。     

飞行器典型结构的热适配分体螺栓连接技术

由于复合材料与高温合金的热膨胀系数差异,导致在高温环境下采用高温合金机械连接件的复合材料组合构件发生预紧力降低。为解决高超声速飞行器热部件的连接难点、保证热结构的高温可靠性,对复合材料部件与高温合金螺栓的连接进行了研究。对一种采用分体式热适配螺栓的方法进行了相关的理论推导,采用典型单元进行的数值模型仿真表明了结果趋势的一致性良好。采用C/SiC局部端框的典型试验表明,这种新的连接设计在不改变以往常规连接强度性能的情况下,可以将820℃条件下的高温剩余预紧力由大约14%有效提升至80%。     

新型无机热控涂层的性能及应用

采用自制新型无机白色填料、无机黏结剂制备了高稳定无机热控涂层。对热控涂层的厚度、面密度、热辐射性能、真空挥发性、热循环性能、空间环境稳定性(真空-紫外、真空-质子、真空-电子、原子氧)及多种基材的适应性进行了测试与验证。结果表明:新型无机热控涂层的太阳吸收比≤0.07、半球发射率≥0.90、面密度200～360 g/m~2,经过地面模拟空间环境试验后涂层的太阳吸收比退化量较小,具有优异的空间环境稳定性,适用于多种基材表面。     

等离子-物理气相沉积硅/莫来石/硅酸镱环境障涂层的高温防护和耐热冲击性能研究

通过SiCf/SiC复合材料表面等离子喷涂(APS)硅黏结层和莫来石中间层,等离子-物理气相沉积(PS-PVD)制备硅酸镱面层,喷涂的整个环境障涂层体系组织致密,PS-PVD工艺制备的硅酸镱为层状结构,孔隙率＜1％.研究了 SiCf/SiC复合材料环境障涂层的抗静态氧化、循环氧化、水汽腐蚀和热冲击性能,发现复合材料表面...     

高速切削技术及刀具的发展现状综述

切削刀具在航空加工领域的应用技术进入了以发展高速切削、开发新的切削工艺和加工方法、提供成套技术为特征的新阶段。本文介绍高速切削的刀具材料、涂层技术、创新刀具结构、切削加工配套技术等先进的切削技术及刀具的发展现状。     

热处理对超细玻璃纤维棉毡性能的影响

超细玻璃纤维棉毡具有优异的隔热、吸音和过滤性能以及A级不燃特性,高温热处理对其性能有显著影响。采用离心喷吹法制备超细玻璃纤维棉毡,然后在100~500℃及大气气压下进行热处理。通过金相显微镜、电子万能材料试验机和耐驰导热系数测试仪分别对棉毡的显微结构、力学性能和隔热性能进行测试。结果表明,随着处理温度上升,超细玻璃棉毡的纤维直径增大,棉毡孔隙直径减小,质量损失增加,并在400℃以后变化幅度显著提升;超细玻璃棉毡的抗撕裂强度逐渐下降,并在处理温度为300℃以上时下降非常迅速;导热系数逐渐升高,在400℃前上升平缓,400℃以后上升速率增加明显。     

电解法和水解法制备纳米二氧化钛的对比研究

以四氯化钛为原料,采用电解法和水解法分别制备TiO2粉体。利用X射线衍射对TiO2粉体进行表征,并分析了制备方法、煅烧温度和制备条件对TiO2晶型的影响。结果表明,煅烧温度是影响水解法制备TiO2晶型的重要因素,但不影响电解法制备TiO2的晶型。而且,干燥方式影响电解法制备TiO2粉体的尺寸,TiO2粉体经室温冷冻干燥后的晶体尺寸比高温煅烧小。     

电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象

文摘为研究电磁波在吸波涂层中的干涉现象,选取了X型羰基铁粉吸收剂,采用同轴法测试了材料电磁参数,通过多次反射方法求解了X型吸波涂层在厚度为1/4波长时反射系数公式;另外,求解了不同厚度X-1型吸波涂层对频率为9.5 GHz平面电磁波反射系数公式,取公式前6项计算了反射系数Γ_a和反射率R_a。结果表明,多次反射波之间产生了干涉行为,发生了干涉相消现象。Γ_a、R_a分别与传输线方法计算的Γ和R的值非常接近,表明Γ_a和R_a可以近似代表X-1型吸波涂层对9.5 GHz电磁波的反射系数和反射率。当X-1型吸波涂层厚度小于1.9 mm或在3.2～6.6 mm时,第二反射波对第一反射波起到干涉相长作用,降低吸波性能,表明优选的吸波涂层厚度应该介于1.9～3.2 mm。     

BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings of silica optical fiber for long term sensors at high temperatures

SiBCN and BN/SiBCN light-leakage-proof coatings were prepared on silica optical fibers for sensing applications at high temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the surface morphology and microstructure of the coated fiber. Mechanical and optical properties of the coated fiber were characterized by Raman, optical and tensile tests. Compared with the original fiber, the tensile strength of SiBCN and BN/SiBCN coated fiber show an increase of about 60% and 90% at room temperature, respectively. In addition, the tensile strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber was increased by about 42% at 700 °C. It has been found that the improvement of the strength of BN/SiBCN coated silica optical fiber is related to the healing of defects and residual compressive stress in fibers. From the light transmittance performance of the coated fiber, it was found that BN/SiBCN double coating could be an ideal total reflection solution to protect silica optical fiber from light leakage during high temperature sensing operation.     

Effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings

The present work examines the effects of cerium salts on corrosion behaviors of Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings. The Si–Zr hybrid sol–gel coatings on a 2A12 aluminum substrate were prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxy-silane(GTMS) and zirconium(IV) n-propoxide(TPOZ). Used as inhibitors for corrosion, three types of cerium salts(Ce(NO_3)_3, CeCl_3, and Ce(CH_3COO)_3) were doped into the sol–gel coatings. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were employed to investigate the structures and morphologies of various coatings, and the corrosion resistances of the coatings were evaluated by electrochemical methods and neutral salt spray tests. Experimental results indicate that the addition of cerium salts can hinder the process of corrosion due to their self-healing abilities. Furthermore, the sol–gel coating doped with Ce(CH_3COO)_3 has the best corrosion resistance because of the promotions of hydrolysis and condensation provided by CH_3COO.