飞翼布局无人机进排气影响及机理分析

进气道尾喷管的存在不仅影响着飞机机身前后的流场特性与压力分布,而且影响着飞机升力特性、阻力特性以及力矩特性.为了研究进排气效应对飞机气动特性的影响,采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟技术,建立飞翼布局无人机(UAV)堵锥整流模型和动力影响模型,其中动力影响模型是根据发动机不同的工作状态,在进气道以及尾喷管截面上设置不同的边界条件,对比分析这两种计算模型在流场特征和气动特性上的差异性,揭示内在的影响机理.进排气效应的研究有助于飞机/发动机的一体化气动综合设计.      

Experimental investigations of a full model with adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings

The morphing wing concept aims to constantly adapt the aerodynamics to different flight stages. The wing is able to adapt to different flight conditions by an adjustable Aspect Ratio (AR) and sweep. A high AR configuration provides high aerodynamic efficiency, while a low AR configuration, with highly swept wings offers a good maneuverability. Additionally, the flexible membrane allows the wing surface to stretch and contract in-plane as well as the airfoil to adapt to different aerodynamic loads. In the context of this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of a full model with form-adaptive elasto-flexible membrane wings are investigated experimentally. The focus is on the high-lift regime and on the analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients as well as their sensitivities. Especially, the lateral aerodynamic derivatives at asymmetric wing positions are of interest.     

Continuous morphing trailing-edge wing concept based on multi-stable nanomaterial

Morphing technology is one of the most effective methods to improve the flight efficiency of aircraft. Traditional control surfaces based morphing method is mature and widely used on current civil and military aircraft, but insufficiently effective for the entire flight envelope. Recent research on morphing wing still faces the challenge that the skin material for morphing should be both deformable and stiff. In this study, a continuous morphing trailing-edge wing with a new multi-stable nano skin material fabricated using surface mechanical attrition treatment technology was proposed and designed. Computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to study the aerodynamic performance of the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing. Results show that the lift coefficient increases with the increase of deflection angle and so does the lift-drag ratio at a small angle of attack. More importantly, compared with the wing using flaps, the continuous morphing trailing-edge wing can reduce drag during the morphing process and its overall aerodynamic performance is improved at a large angle of attack range. Flow field analysis reveals that the continuous morphing method can delay flow separation in some situations.     

螺旋桨/机翼相互干扰的非定常数值模拟

针对太阳能无人机分布式螺旋桨滑流问题,采用基于结构/非结构混合网格的CFD方法进行了非定常数值模拟.通过截取翼段消除有限翼展三维效应的影响并简化研究对象,将滑移网格和转捩模型应用于数值模拟;分别研究了螺旋桨位于翼段前方和后方的情况,并与干净螺旋桨和干净翼段进行对比.结果表明:螺旋桨位于翼段前方或后方均使得翼段升力、阻力、低头力矩增加并呈周期性波动,同时螺旋桨位于翼段后方时对翼段的影响较小;而翼段的存在使得螺旋桨的拉力、吸收功率和效率增加并呈周期性波动,流场的非均匀性导致了螺旋桨振动.      

小高径比扰流柱冷却通道的换热和流动特性

采用数值模拟的方法,对涡轮叶片尾缘处圆形小高径比扰流柱冷却通道的换热和流动特性进行了研究,分析进口雷诺数和扰流柱间距对冷却通道换热和流动特性的作用过程.结果表明:进口雷诺数的提高能够有效改善冷却通道端壁的换热性能,但这种改善能力随着进口雷诺数的提高而逐渐减弱,同时降低冷却通道的压力损失系数.在两种扰流柱间距中,流向间距是影响端壁换热性能的主要因素,随着流向间距的减小,冷却通道换热性能逐渐变好,压力损失系数降低;横向间距是影响冷却通道流动损失的主要因素,两者大小成反比关系.在通道计算中,扰流柱平均换热性能约是端壁平均换热性能的1.8倍,端壁换热权重约是换热面积比0.824倍,同时该权重几乎不受进口雷诺数的影响.      

航天器大气进入过程制导方法综述

研究承担进入任务的升阻比小于0.5的小升阻比航天器,基于对该类航天器大气进入制导方法的调研,分别以地球大气再入和火星大气进入过程为例,分析了进入制导需满足的各种约束和待解决的技术难题,并对大气进入制导控制方法的研究现状进行了阐述,对不同方法的优缺点进行了对比研究分析和归纳总结,对未来研究发展方向进行了展望。     

抛物化稳定性方程在曲面边界层中的应用

为了研究抛物化稳定性方程在曲面边界层中的应用,选取了等曲率圆环管道、等曲率板和NACA0012翼型3种典型的曲面边界层.通过计算小幅值扰动波的演化,抛物化稳定性方程的计算结果和线性稳定性理论、数值模拟扰动方程结果相符,说明可以使用抛物化稳定性方程研究曲面边界层的小幅值扰动波的演化和稳定性分析;通过计算有限幅值扰动波的演化,线性阶段抛物化稳定性方程计算结果和扰动方程相符,在非线性很强的阶段,抛物化稳定性方程计算发散,发散的位置可作为转捩位置.      

互感器接入式三相功率表校准方法研究

在校准指针式三相功率表时,由于一次侧和二次侧存在变比,往往三相功率的额定值由计算获得。单纯的认为在特定功率因数下,功率值为电流和电压乘积的方式,可能会带来较大的测量误差,甚至会对校准结果产生误判断。本文将详细介绍这种互感器方式接入的三相功率表的校准方法,并进行理论分析。     

基于EMT采用FEM研究含裂纹介质中弹性波传播机制

了解和掌握弹性波在含有裂纹介质中的传播规律是开发利用页岩气等非常规油气资源中的关键科学问题.本文基于数值模拟的优点,采用商用有限元软件Nastran模拟弹性波在含裂纹介质中的激发及传播方式,分析了弹性波在该介质中裂纹微结构(密度和纵横比)对弹性波传播动力学特性的依赖程度.结果表明:有限元方法(FEM)可以用于该问题的研究;Hudson等效介质理论(EMT)不适用泊松比近0.5的材料;裂纹密度、纵横比的增大会减小纵波(P波)波速值,以及衰减位移时域响应的首波振幅,且裂纹密度对于该材料的各向异性的影响要远大于纵横比的作用.      

On the practical exploitation of perturbative effects in low Earth orbit for space debris mitigation

This paper presents the results of a numerical evaluation of the natural lifetime reduction in low Earth orbit, due to dynamical perturbations. The study considers two values for the area-to-mass ratio, a nominal ratio which resembles a typical value of spacecraft in orbit today, and an enhanced ratio which covers the surface augmentation. The results were obtained with two orbit propagators, one of a semi-analytical nature and the second one using non-averaged equations of motion. The simulations for both propagators were set up similarly to allow comparison. They both use the solar radiation pressure and the secular terms of the geopotential ($J_2,J_4$ and $J_6$). The atmospheric drag was turned on and off in both propagators to alternatively study the eccentricity build up and the residual lifetime. The non-averaging case also covers a validation with the full 6?×?6 geopotential. The results confirm the findings in previous publications, that is, the possibility for de-orbiting from altitudes above the residual atmosphere if a solar sail is deployed at the end-of-life, due to the combined effect of solar radiation pressure and the oblateness of the Earth. At near polar inclinations, shadowing effects can be exploited to the same end. The results obtained with the full, non-averaging propagator revealed additional de-orbiting corridors associated with solar radiation pressure which were not found by previous work on space debris mitigation. The results of both tools are compared for specific initial conditions. For nominal values of area-to-mass ratio, instead, it is confirmed that this resonance effect is negligible.The paper then puts the findings in the perspective of the current satellite catalogue. It identifies space missions which are currently close to a resonance corridor and shows the orbit evolution within the resonances with a significantly shorter residual orbital lifetime. The paper finishes with a discussion on the exploitation of these effects with regards to the long-term simulation of the space debris environment and a flux and collision probability comparison.