Properties of tandem balloons connected by extendable suspension wires

The tandem balloon system has been known as a candidate system for long duration flight balloons. In this paper, the properties of the system are analytically studied in a new way by introducing an extendable suspension wire in the Sky Anchor configuration, which consists of a zero-pressure main balloon suspending a payload and a super-pressure balloon suspended below the payload. It was found that extension of the suspension wire between the payload and the super-pressure balloon can extend the capability of the tandem system; the altitude of the zero-pressure balloon can be changed without any consumables except some energy, and the day–night oscillation of the balloon altitude can be suppressed. This property is useful as the vehicle for long duration flights. It is also pointed out that the method to control the altitude of a balloon using an additional suspended super-pressure balloon can also be applied for super-pressure balloons.     

浮空器在武器装备信息化中的优势分析

浮空器在武器装备信息化中，是一种低成本防御性信息系统平台。首先介绍了浮空器的定义、基本组成和发展历史，然后详细分析了浮空器在工业发达国家的研究与应用现状，特别是平流层定点飞艇平台的发展趋势，最后结合我国的基本国情与武器装备信息化发展要求，分析了国内浮空器的研究发展水平、技术基础和浮空器在武器装备信息化建设中的作用和优势地位。     

NASA高空气球的研究及其进展

高空气球是一种可以实现平流层飞行的无动力浮空器。文章重点从气球的结构、蒙皮材料、热特性研究及试飞试验等方面介绍了NASA高空气球的研究及其进展,为中国高空气球的研究发展提供参考。     

金星气球环境分析与热动力研究

分析了金星独特的大气环境,归纳了影响金星气球飞行的主要环境因素,并建立了数学模型.依据金星气球的投放、飘浮程序,设计了金星原型氦气球,设计驻留高度为35km.建立了金星气球热动力仿真平台.计算结果表明:金星气球在30~40km高度释放,可快速到达驻留高度并作长期飘浮;金星气球系统的温度范围为440~520K,最大速度低于10m/s.这为进一步开展对金星气球的研究提供了依据.      

Feasibility study of a sea-anchored stratospheric balloon for long-duration flights

Sea-anchored balloons are stratospheric super-pressure balloons that are anchored to the sea. The sea-anchored balloon is a simple system that has the capability for long-duration flights, fixed-point observations, flexible launch windows, easy telemetry links to ground stations, and quick recoveries. Such balloons are not required to fly through the jet stream while tethered to the ground or sea, because the tether is deployed from a reel on the balloon after reaching a floating altitude. In this study, the feasibility of the sea-anchored balloon is investigated, with particular emphasis on the tether strength, balloon altitude, and system mass, based on the present technological level of the tether’s specific strength. Although the wind distribution with altitude is a dominant factor for feasibility, a sea-anchored balloon with an altitude of about 25 km would be feasible if the velocity of the jet stream is sufficiently low. The sea-anchored balloon can be simply flight-tested, since additional ground facilities and special flight operations are not necessary.     

平流层高空气球升空过程中应力分析

平流层气球通常采用高强度、低密度、柔韧性好的涂层织物热合而成,本文运用肥皂泡理论,对平流层气球进行最优外形设计,使其浮力和应力分布满足设计要求;对气球不断上升过程中体积扩大、增加内压过程进行跟踪研究,分析其形状变化和膜面应力变化特征,为平流层气球设计提供了技术支持.     

一种全柔性气泡致动器及其制作工艺

气泡致动器的弹性薄膜厚度不均、高压气体泄露、刚性基底以及缺乏控制依据是制约其实际应用的关键问题。为了解决上述问题,采取了如下措施：对现有成膜工艺进行了改进,提高了弹性薄膜厚度的一致性;开发了一种新的气泡致动器的制作工艺,避免了原制作工艺中的粘接环节,保证了气泡致动器的气密性;使用柔性材料作为基底,器件可弯曲变形,便于安装在翼型表面;采用Mooney-Rivlin超弹性材料模型对气泡致动器弹性薄膜的变形进行分析,确定了不同厚度的薄膜变形高度与压力的理论关系,同时指出,在相同条件下宽度是影响气泡薄膜变形的主要因素,为气泡致动器的控制提供了参考。实验证明：所开发的气泡致动器可以有效地进行延迟分离,降低压差阻力,实现了主动流动控制。     

Cosmic-ray electron spectrum above 100 GeV from PPB-BETS experiment in Antarctica

Cosmic-ray electrons have been observed in the energy region from 10 GeV to 1 TeV with the PPB-BETS by a long duration balloon flight using a Polar Patrol Balloon (PPB) in Antarctica. The observation was carried out for 13 days at an average altitude of 35 km in January 2004. The PPB-BETS detector is an imaging calorimeter composed of scintillating-fiber belts and plastic scintillators inserted between lead plates. In the study of cosmic-ray electrons, there have been some suggestions that high-energy electrons above 100 GeV are a powerful probe to identify nearby cosmic-ray sources and search for particle dark matter. In this paper, we present the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray electrons in the energy range from 100 GeV to 1 TeV at the top of atmosphere, and compare our spectrum with the results from other experiments.     

Search for primordial antiparticles with BESS

The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) has been carried out to search for primordial antiparticles in cosmic rays. In ten flights from 1993 to 2004, it measured the cosmic-ray antiproton spectrum in the energy range 0.1–4.2 GeV at various solar activity conditions. It also searched for antideuterons and antihelium nuclei, and it made precise measurement of cosmic-ray particle spectra. The BESS program has been extended to long duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica (BESS-Polar) with the goal of achieving unprecedented sensitivity in the search for primordial antiparticles. This report describes recent results from BESS and progress of the BESS-Polar program.     

柔性飞机非线性气动弹性与飞行动力学耦合静、动态特性

高空长航时(HALE)飞机结构细长、具有柔性,在常规飞行条件下可发生结构大变形、气动失速以及结构低频振动与刚体运动耦合,这些现象显著影响其静、动态特性.基于几何精确完全本征运动梁模型、ONERA动失速气动力模型和六自由度刚体运动模型,建立了考虑几何非线性、动失速和材料各向异性等因素的大展弦比柔性飞机非线性气动弹性与飞行...