临近空间艇载计算机余度管理策略研究

平流层飞艇是可靠性要求很高的系统,需要由具有容错能力的艇载计算机来进行控制和管理。针对艇载计算机采用的余度结构进行了软件管理策略的研究和设计,提出了基于异构总线的握手机制节点故障检测方法、基于“看门狗”与“心跳”相结合的 CPU 故障检测方法、基于节点健康矩阵的互援式总线重构方法及基于有限状态机的多 CPU 并行处理系统自适应重构方法。故障注入试验表明,艇载计算机在遇到故障时能实时检测出故障,诊断故障类型,并对故障进行处理,实现系统重构,保证了平流层飞艇长期驻空时的安全飞行。     

Yaw controller design of stratospheric airship based on phase plane method

Recently,stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control,rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship.The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength,which bring challenges for the attitude controller.In this paper,the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic characteristics is analyzed with a phase plane method.Analysis shows that when ignoring damping,the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control,which can obtain a Bang–Bang controller.But under this controller,the control output could be bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping,which makes adverse effects for the servo structure.Considering the structure requirements of actuators,a phase plane method controller is employed,with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve.Thus,the controller outputs are limited to finite values.Finally,through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment,the method is proved to be effective.     

空气动力学与航空飞行器

本文简述了当今航空飞行器的发展概貌;回顾并剖析了空气动力学在航空飞行器发展过程中的重要作用;最后,对今后的发展前景作了展望。     

平流层飞艇研制现状、技术难点及发展趋势

平流层飞艇研制是一项庞大复杂的系统工程,其技术攻关、系统研发及工程应用中遇到的诸多关键问题与技术难点,需要用全新的理念和创新的方案解决。综述了国内外平流层飞艇研制的进展与现状,重点描述了已经开展的技术验证试飞的情况。针对平流层飞艇总体布局、超压囊体、能源系统、飞行控制和定点着陆5个方面,梳理了其技术难点、研究现状和发展趋势,从工程研制的角度探讨了相关技术难题的可行解决方案。     

基于AP10的室内飞艇控制系统研究

提出了一种室内飞艇飞行控制系统方案,详细介绍了改制方法。本方案以AP10系统为核心,采用UWB定位技术,利用自行设计的RC接收机与控制系统代替原有的RC接收系统,成功将改制后的AP10系统应用于室内飞艇上,实现了一套室内飞艇自动驾驶仪。将室内飞艇自动驾驶仪装在飞艇上进行飞行试验,结果证明：飞艇飞行能够按照预定航迹飞行,且具备了自主起降功能,达到了预期效果。     

飞艇空气动力学及其相关问题

对低空和高空飞艇在发射、回收、驻留、巡航或系留状态下所涉及的空气动力学问题及其重要性进行分析,介绍飞艇空气动力学研究的进展和主要结论,指出需要进一步解决的问题。低空飞艇的空气动力学问题主要包括厚艇身带来的流动分离与减阻、非薄平组件的非线性干扰、柔弹性表面或系留带来的流固耦合、因低速飞行带来的环境敏感性等。大量学者进行了相应的研究。高空即平流层飞艇还涉及多种新的空气动力学问题,包括热、浮力与气动的强耦合、昼夜外形变化、发射与回收过程中的突风带影响、风切变干扰等。关于这些问题的研究处于起步阶段。另外,还针对地面及大气边界层的影响、多边形外形以及副气囊喷流与主流干扰等很少有人研究的问题对飞艇周边流场进行了初步数值模拟。     

柔性飞机非线性气动弹性与飞行动力学耦合静、动态特性

高空长航时(HALE)飞机结构细长、具有柔性,在常规飞行条件下可发生结构大变形、气动失速以及结构低频振动与刚体运动耦合,这些现象显著影响其静、动态特性.基于几何精确完全本征运动梁模型、ONERA动失速气动力模型和六自由度刚体运动模型,建立了考虑几何非线性、动失速和材料各向异性等因素的大展弦比柔性飞机非线性气动弹性与飞行...     

飞艇吊舱隐身特性研究

吊舱的雷达散射特性决定了飞艇的隐身性能。为得到最优的设计方案,需要综合计算各种方案吊舱的雷达散射截面值。本文提出了采用多截面曲面对飞艇吊舱数字化建模的原理和通过形状因子描述吊舱脊线的方法,推导出利用物理光学法估算吊舱雷达散射截面的公式并总结了程序流程。通过典型吊舱分析了飞艇的隐身性能,结果表明：采用形状因子对吊舱的数字...     

Effect of vapor condensation on ascending performance of stratospheric airship

This paper reports a numerical investigation on the effects of water vapor condensing inside the air bag of a stratospheric airship on its ascending performance. The kinetic and thermal model considering vapor condensation was established, based on which a computer program was written in Fortran. The simulation results show that the vapor condensation remarkably affects the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship in the ascent process. During the ascent process below 11 km, a large amount of latent heat is released when the water vapor in the air inside the air bag of the stratospheric airship condenses, which results in the increase of the temperature and the reduction of the weight of the air in the air bag, causing the airship to speed up, the accelerated expansion of the helium, and the decrease of the helium temperature in the helium bag. When the flight altitude is higher than 11 km, the effect of vapor condensation on the kinetic and thermal characteristics of the stratospheric airship is negligible because vapor is virtually nonexistent in the air.     

临近空间飞艇全数字仿真设计与实现

全数字仿真在临近空间飞艇研制过程中起着重作用。本文以临近空间飞艇为研究目标,首先分析飞艇的受力情况,将体积中心作为艇体坐标系原点建立飞艇动力学方程和运动学方程。综合起飞、降落和巡航中的风场特点,建立可变的风场模型。利用Matlab／simulink软件搭建仿真模型,实现飞艇全数字仿真。最后对仿真结果进行了简分析。