立式捏合机搅拌桨螺旋角影响数值分析

以计算流体力学方法为工具,研究了搅拌桨螺旋角对立式捏合机混合性能的影响.建立了立式捏合机混合过程的流体运动方程,完成了混合锅内流场的数值模拟,确定了立式捏合机混合性能评价指标,详细分析了搅拌桨螺旋角的变化对评价指标的影响.分析表明,当空心桨螺旋角取43°～48°范围内的值时,立式捏合机具有较好的扭矩特性,混合同样体积的物料时单位体积功耗小,同时具有较高的轴循环能力和稳定的剪切特性,混合效率也较好.     

带干摩擦阻尼结构叶片振动响应试验

建立了非旋转状态叶片试验系统,正压力加载方案可实现连续调节并较准确测量接触压力.利用该试验系统,对不同接触紧度,接触角度带冠叶片的振动特性及响应进行测试,结果表明带冠叶片出现了共振频率分叉的非线性现象.通过试验分析叶冠接触面紧度,接触角度等重要参数对带冠叶片振动特性和减振效果的影响规律,结果显示接触角度应根据振型综合考虑接触面间相对运动在切向和法向两个方向分量的比例关系进行选取.      

某重型燃气轮机燃料喷嘴工作特性试验研究

对某重型燃气轮机燃料喷嘴的工作特性进行了试验研究.主要测定了该燃机喷嘴组在1.0MPa压力下工作时每个喷嘴的流量特性,通过数码照相和计算机图像处理测定各喷嘴的喷雾锥角,利用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)和激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)测量雾化粒度SMD.分析试验结果,得出了一些有重要价值的数据和结论,为燃机喷嘴的研制和改进提供了重要依据.     

一种低轨星座高精度相位保持方法

针对大型低轨星座在轨运行的高精度构型保持问题,提出了一种基于极限环的高精度相位保持方法。首先,推导了实际轨道与参考轨道的平相位角偏差与半长轴偏差的关系；然后,建立了基于极限环的相位保持周期以及半长轴改变量计算方法；最后,基于推导的半长轴偏差与相位偏差的关系,提出了一种相位保持实施方法。考虑地球非球形和大气阻力的数值仿真表明：本文提出的相位保持方法能够在卫星定轨数据精度不高、数据采样间隔较大的情况下,实现低轨星座系统的高精度相位保持。     

Monitoring of maize lodging using multi-temporal Sentinel-1 SAR data

Lodging is a common phenomenon in maize production, which seriously affects its yield, quality, and mechanical harvesting capacity. With good penetrating power, satellite radar can monitor crop growth even under cloudy weather conditions. In this study, a method based on the change in plant height before and after lodging in maize is proposed to calculate the lodging angle and monitor the lodging degree by using dual-polarization Sentinel-1A data. The results show that the optimal sensitive polarization combinations of maize plant height before and after lodging are VH/VV and VV, respectively. The lodging angle is calculated using the plant height inversion results before and after lodging. The overall accuracy of classifying lodging grade of maize is 67%. The proposed model based on lodging angle could effectively mapped the maize lodging range on a regional scale and classify the lodging grades.     

Highly efficient computation method for hazard quantification of uncontained rotor failure

Uncontained Engine Rotor Failure (UERF) can cause a catastrophic failure of an aircraft, and the quantitative assessment of the hazards related to UERF is a very important part of safety analysis. However, the procedure for hazard quantification of UERF recommended by the Federal Aviation Administration in advisory circular AC20-128A is cumbersome, as it involves building auxiliary lines and curve projections. To improve the efficiency and general applicability of the risk angle calculation, a boundary discretization method is developed that involves discretizing the geometry of the target part/structure into node points and calculating the risk angles numerically by iterating a particular algorithm over each node point. The improved efficiency and excellent accuracy for the developed algorithm was validated through a comparison with manual solutions for the hazard quantification of the engine nacelle structures of a passenger aircraft using the guidance in AC20-128A. To further demonstrate the applicability of the boundary discretization method, the proposed algorithm was used to examine the influence of the target size and the distance between the target and rotor on the hazard probability.     

Prediction of clear-sky biologically effective erythematic radiation (EER) From global solar radiation (250–2800 nm) at Cairo,Egypt

The hourly and daily measured clear-sky global solar radiation (G) and biologically important effective erythematic radiation (EER) incident on a horizontal surface at Cairo, Egypt (latitude 30° 05′ N & Longitude 31° 15′ E), during the period from January 1995 to December 2005 are used in this paper. The relationship between daily integrated totals of EER and the daily totals of broadband global solar radiation (250–2800 nm) is established. The temporal variability of the percentage ratio of the total daily erythema to total daily broadband solar global irradiation (EER/G) is determined. The monthly and the seasonal averages of the extraterrestrial UVB solar radiation, Mesurad and estímated UVB solar radiation and clearness index K_tUVB of UVB radiation are discussed. The average monthly mean variation of slant ozone (Z) and UVB transmission (K_tUVB) at the present work are found. The two variables show an opposite seasonal behavior, and the average monthly of slant ozone column and UVB transmission values shows the relationship between them in a clearer way than those of daily values. The estimated values of UVB solar radiation a good agreement with the measured values of the UVB solar radiation, the difference between the estimated and measured values of UVB solar radiation varies from 1.2% to 2.8%. The effect of the annual cycles of solar zenith angle (SZA) and total column ozone (TCO) on the ratios (EER/G) are presented and the correction factors are determined for removal of the ozone cycle. The seasonal variability of EER/G is also discussed. The effect of the annual cycles of solar zenith angle (SZA) and total column ozone (TCO) on the ratios (EER/G) is presented and the correction factors are determined for removal of the ozone cycle.     

Characterisation of residual ionospheric errors in bending angles using GNSS RO end-to-end simulations

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) is an innovative meteorological remote sensing technique for measuring atmospheric parameters such as refractivity, temperature, water vapour and pressure for the improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) and global climate monitoring (GCM). GNSS RO has many unique characteristics including global coverage, long-term stability of observations, as well as high accuracy and high vertical resolution of the derived atmospheric profiles. One of the main error sources in GNSS RO observations that significantly affect the accuracy of the derived atmospheric parameters in the stratosphere is the ionospheric error. In order to mitigate the effect of this error, the linear ionospheric correction approach for dual-frequency GNSS RO observations is commonly used. However, the residual ionospheric errors (RIEs) can be still significant, especially when large ionospheric disturbances occur and prevail such as during the periods of active space weather. In this study, the RIEs were investigated under different local time, propagation direction and solar activity conditions and their effects on RO bending angles are characterised using end-to-end simulations. A three-step simulation study was designed to investigate the characteristics of the RIEs through comparing the bending angles with and without the effects of the RIEs. This research forms an important step forward in improving the accuracy of the atmospheric profiles derived from the GNSS RO technique.     

视场角受限的三维攻击角度控制导引律

考虑末制导阶段捷联导引头视场角限制及攻击角度约束,提出一种基于三维比例导引攻击角度控制的导引律。首先,利用三维矢量制导模型和四元数理论实现三维比例导引的攻击角度预测,进而基于空间几何原理设计一种能够满足视场角约束的三维比例导引攻击角度控制方法。对闭环制导动力学进行分析,并采用李雅普诺夫原理证明视场角受限情况下的制导误差收敛性。分析该制导方法在导弹速度大小变化情况下的轨迹不变性,进而保证制导方法在速度大小变化情况下的有效性。理论分析和仿真校验结果说明了该方法的正确性和有效性。提出的方法可为视场角受限下的攻击角度控制导引律设计提供参考。     

Delaying stall of morphing wing by periodic trailing-edge deflection

Morphing wings can improve aircraft performance during different flight phases. Recently research has focused on steady aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing with a flexible trailing-edge, and the unsteady aerodynamic and stall characteristics in the deflection process of the morphing wing are worthy further investigation. The effects of the angle of attack and deflection rate on aerodynamic characteristics were examined, and based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the morphing wing, a method was developed to delay stall by using the flexible periodic trailing-edge deflection. The numerical results show that the lift coefficients in the deflection process are smaller than those in the static situation at small angles of attack, and that the higher the deflection rate is, the smaller the lift coefficients will be. On the contrary, at large angles of attack, the lift coefficients are higher than those in the static case, and they become larger with the increase of the deflection rate. Further, the periodic deflection of the flexible trailing-edge with a small deflection amplitude and high deflection rate can increase lift coefficients at the critical stall angle.