摆线桨非定常动态失速的三维效应

对摆线桨三维全尺寸模型进行了非定常数值模拟。验证了两种嵌套网格方法的可靠性与适用性,针对二维/三维情况下摆线桨非定常涡流动特性及诱导分离特性开展了数值分析,重点研究了展向气动力随方位角的分布与全局流场的诱导速度分布,并分析了尾迹捕捉精度与涡量耗散特征。结果表明:受摆线桨切向速度、展向诱导速度等三维效应影响,两种计算结果的瞬态气动力极值差值达到44%。三维动态失速涡的产生、脱落与再附明显弱于二维翼型情况,这对于摆线桨非定常气动特性有较大影响。      

Numerical investigation of flow mechanisms of tandem impeller inside a centrifugal compressor

This study numerically investigated a single stage centrifugal compressor ‘‘Radiver’’ with a wedge diffuser and several tandem-designed impellers to explore the flow phenomena within the tandem impeller and the potential to enhance compressor performance. The results demonstrate that tandem design and clocking fraction (λ_s) significantly affects the compressor performance. The compressor stage with tandem impellers of Series A of boundary layer growth interruption alone are observed to have a widely operating range but efficiency and total pressure ratio penalty compared with that of conventional impeller. The tandem impeller with at least the same impeller efficiency as the conventional design is considered as a critical design criteria so that further modification process based on the flow characteristic of tandem impeller is necessary. In order to restrain the inducer wake and exducer shock losses, parameters modification of blade angle and thickness distributions are necessary and the modified tandem impeller of Series B is obtained. The modified tandem impeller with 25% clocking arrangement shows an 8.45% stall margin increase and maintains the total pressure ratio and efficiency as the conventional design, which proves the potential of tandem impeller to improve compressor stage performance. It is noteworthy that the tandem impellers of Radiver have not shown obviously balanced exit flow field and the fundamental mechanism of stall margin extending of tandem impeller lies on the improved impeller/diffuser matching performance resulting from the incidence angle variation at diffuser inlet.     

静强度杆板模型和单梁模型动响应载荷比较

文中通过将某型飞机机身等直段的静强度杆板模型,进行修改来得到动力学杆板模型,与此同时,建立了相应的单梁动力学模型,为了保证2种模型的动力学相似,根据动力学杆板模型的模态频率和振型,对单梁动力学模型进行了修正。对2个模型加载了同样的载荷时间历程,并对2个模型的截面积分载荷进行了比较,并将中间截面积分载荷极值时刻的杆板动力学模型的应力分布和静强度模型加载相同载荷后的应力分布,进行了比较。比较的结果表明,在主要模态频率和振型一致的条件下,单梁动力学模型在截面载荷响应和严重情况应力分布方面与静强度杆板动力学模型也有较好的一致性。此结果在一定程度上,为采用单梁动力学模型计算动响应载荷的合理性提供了佐证。     

Recent Developments on Damage and Fracture of Thin-Walled Complex Components Produced by Spinning

The spinning technique has been widely used in the manufacture of aerospace thin-walled axisymmetric components because of its excellent formability. Damage and fracture, as the important defects that often occur and must be avoided in the forming and service stages of components, have attracted much attention of researchers. In this paper, the fracture behavior and laws of spinning components such as conical parts, tubular parts, and components with inner ribs are summarized, the typical coupled and uncoupled ductile fracture models are introduced, and their applications in spinning are analyzed. Meanwhile, the recent developments on the modified ductile fracture model in analyzing damage and fracture mechanisms of spinning are emphatically introduced. The results could provide guidance for the selection and establishment of appropriate ductile fracture models in the finite element simulation for the accurate prediction and analysis of fracture moment, location, form, damage mechanism, and evolution law, and help the development of precision spinning techniques for high-performance thin-walled complex components.     

柔性机械臂关节作动的振动抑制方法和原理性验证

空间机械臂具有柔性大、振动频率低等特点,受激后振动的持续时间长、自然衰减慢。针对空间机械臂运行完成后留存的残余振动,采用固定界面子结构方法推导出关节转动与航天器-机械臂组合体振动的动力学显式关系。从中发现了控制关节转动并使其角速度正比于组合体振动的模态坐标,便能消耗组合体的机械能,加速组合体振动衰减的力学机理。据此,设计了逻辑关系简洁的机械臂关节角速度控制律,分别通过数值仿真和试验件实测对航天器-机械臂组合体的原理性模型开展了振动抑制效果的验证。结果表明:机械臂关节作动可以显著缩短受激后组合体残余振动的持续时间。     

中间相沥青基碳纤维表面特性和界面粘结性能

针对高模量、高热导率中间相沥青基碳纤维复合材料界面性能弱等瓶颈问题,深入研究该类纤维表面特性及其与树脂的界面粘结性能。选取3种典型中间相沥青基碳纤维,测试分析其微观形貌、表面能和极性与色散分量、表面元素种类与含量,利用微脱黏方法表征中间相沥青基碳纤维与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度。研究结果表明:中间相沥青基碳纤维表面均存在明显沟槽结构,但其呈化学惰性,选用的中间相沥青基碳纤维与环氧树脂界面剪切强度最高约为50 MPa,明显低于聚丙烯腈基碳纤维;纤维表面能越高,尤其是极性分量越高,中间相沥青基碳纤维/环氧树脂界面剪切强度越大,这些结果揭示了中间相沥青基碳纤维与树脂基体界面性能主控因素。     

基于收缩理论的高超声速飞行器控制

为了使高超声速飞行器能够跟踪预定指令,针对其严反馈模型提出了基于收缩理论的控制方法。由于高度和速度相对独立,因此分开设计控制器。控制器设计过程中,以基于反步法的收缩理论为核心,对于模型中不确定项利用自适应进行在线识别;引入动态面对虚拟控制输入进行求导,并利用收缩下的奇异摄动分析降阶系统,可以证明降阶前后状态误差间的偏差及滤波误差有界。采用此方法,可证明系统状态半全局收敛,跟踪误差及自适应估计误差有界。     

弹性体运载火箭建模及控制器设计

考虑运载火箭飞行过程中的弹性振动特性,对运载火箭进行全量动力学建模以及控制器设计。首先将运载火箭考虑为一维梁模型并建立全量动力学模型,分别引入自适应滤波姿态控制算法和H_2范数鲁棒增益调度控制算法设计控制器。仿真结果表明:在考虑舵机非线性情况下两种控制方法均能够满足精度要求,在具有较大外部扰动情况下,鲁棒增益调度控制算法相较于自适应滤波算法具有较强的鲁棒性。     

天问一号探测器高动态着陆惯导系统设计与试验

考虑到火星探测任务着陆过程动态变化大,稀薄大气环境下开伞会对探测器产生剧烈晃动,为此天问一号探测器研制了一套高动态着陆惯导系统,从硬件产品、使用时序到导航算法方面均进行了针对性设计,以适应着陆过程中的高动态环境.此外,为验证天问一号探测器高动态着陆惯导系统的性能,设计了模拟火星开伞工况的火箭弹高空开伞试验,结果表明该高...     

空间核反应堆电源研究进展

随着航空航天领域对能源需求的不断扩大,核能的空间应用迎来了新的发展高潮。本文针对空间核反应堆技术的发展现状进行综述,重点关注了空间核反应堆与静态能量转换、动态能量转换技术结合供电的研究进展,总结分析了空间核反应堆电源技术的发展特点,并指出未来发展中需要重点关注的内容,为未来空间核反应堆电源的发展提供指导。