地面涡研究

 The formation mechanism and the flow characteristics of the ground vortices as well as the method of eliminating ground vortices are studied in this paper. It is noted that, when air is sucked into an aircraft engine, on the ground a momentum moment is exerted on a point sink flow by a lateral wind or a reversed jet from the tail pipe, resulting in the formation of eddy stream known as ground vortices. Through an analysis of numerous experimental data it is found that the ground vortices are composed of two vortices instead of a single and concentrated free vortex.The tangitial velocity distribution curves of the ground vortex can be expressed as two independent functions: one is a directly proportional function located at the core, and the other is an inversely proportional function around the outer surrounding. The pressure distribution is also composed of two parabolic functions.In addition, a method of eliminating the ground vortices is presented, and it is of important engineering significance to eliminate the ground vortices.     

基于滑模干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器滑模控制

首先,针对存在外部干扰和输入饱和的通用式高超声速飞行器的纵向动态模型,提出一种基于滑模干扰观测器的抗饱和滑模控制器。该滑模控制器采用非线性趋近律,在保证系统快速、稳定跟踪指令的同时,能够消除传统滑模控制中的抖振现象,并针对执行器饱和问题,加入抗饱和补偿器,以提高系统的稳定性。其次,对于系统中存在的干扰和不确定性,提出一种滑模干扰观测器,用以准确估计系统中存在的等效干扰,并将该观测器对干扰的估计值应用于滑模控制器中进行补偿,以消除干扰。再次,利用Lyapunov理论对所提出的基于滑模干扰观测器的抗饱和滑模控制器进行稳定性分析。最后,对高超声速飞行器的巡航状态进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够有效提高系统的稳定性和抗干扰性,具有一定的实际应用价值。     

基于最小一乘的跑道入口高度计算

跑道入口高度是关系着飞机能否安全着陆的关键参数,在其计算中需要采用曲线拟合预测的方法。目前大多是采用基于最小二乘准则的拟合方式。由于最小二乘准则的局限性,当下滑道随机误差不满足正态分布,在飞行数据中出现异常点时会给预测带来较大误差。将最小一乘方法引入到跑道入口高度计算问题中,提高了算法的稳健性,很好地克服了这一问题。     

Robust fault-tolerant control for wing flutter under actuator failure

Many control laws, such as optimal controller and classical controller, have seen their applications to suppressing the aeroelastic vibrations of the aeroelastic system. However, those control laws may not work effectively if the aeroelastic system involves actuator faults. In the current study for wing flutter of reentry vehicle, the effect of actuator faults on wing flutter system is rarely considered and few of the fault-tolerant control problems are taken into account. In this paper, we use the radial basis function neural network and the finite-time H_∞ adaptive fault-tolerant control technique to deal with the flutter problem of wings, which is affected by actuator faults, actuator saturation, parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The theory of this article includes the modeling of wing flutter and fault-tolerant controller design. The stability of the finite-time adaptive fault-tolerant controller is theoretically proved. Simulation results indicate that the designed fault-tolerant flutter controller can effectively deal with the faults in the flutter system and can promptly suppress the wing flutter as well.     

气压高度试验方法研究

介绍了利用模型表面的压力测量值经计算求出来流静压的方法和试验结果。文中涉及的计算方法为多元回归法,对试验所得压力数据进行处理,可拟合出多个不同参变量下的静压P∞的多元方程,从中选取一组较精确的作为计算公式进行验证试验,结果表明采用该方法测量静压具有较高的精度。     

纳米校准与测试——基于纳米测量机的试验性研究

主要介绍了基于纳米测量机的高阶梯差台阶标准样板和深沟槽深度标准样板计量测试和校准工作研究,包括在NMM上对两种标准样板进行计量测试和校准、在NMM上安装不同的探测传感器时纳米级深度标准样板和台阶高度样板的校准比较、以及在研航空基金项目"在NMM上实现小型非球面的坐标扫描轮廓测量方法".     

Evaluating the feasibility of GPS measurements of SSH on board a ship along the Portuguese West Coast

Aiming to validate coastal altimetry data, an exploratory experiment was carried out, using a survey ship with onboard GPS and motion compensation systems. The ship navigation plan followed a track as coincident as possible with the passage of two altimetry satellites, Envisat and Jason-1, along the Portuguese coast, in June 2007.     

航空活塞二冲程汽油机排气口高度优化研究

针对作为无人机动力的某可变排气二冲程发动机在去掉可变排气系统后对发动机性能的影响,利用Fire仿真软件建立了发动机的缸内工作过程仿真模型,通过仿真和试验的方法研究了去掉可变排气系统后的发动机特性,结果表明:去掉可变排气系统后在2000r/min、10%节气门开度和5500r/min、50%节气门开度条件下,发动机的扫气效率降低,输出功率下降。在此基础上,利用仿真研究的方法对排气口高度参数进行了优化研究。去掉可变系统后排气口高度最优值为36.3mm时可以在保证常用无人机飞行转速范围内,各工况下扫气效率较高,发动机指示功损失最小,输出功率可以满足无人机动力需求。      

具有尖侧缘的非圆截面机身头部几何参数影响研究

有侧滑时,尖侧缘的非圆截面机身头部在中等和大迎角下,可具有方向稳定性.在计算研究的基础上,选择了3个不同上、下表面高度和两个不同侧缘角的模型进行了低速风洞试验.风洞试验结果表明,无侧滑时,机身的升力、阻力和俯仰力矩的绝对值都随高度增大而减小,在α<30°内,表面高度对横向特性影响较小,α=30~60°时,呈现复杂的影响趋势;尖锐侧缘机身比圆侧缘机身产生的升力和阻力都大些,但俯仰力矩差别不大;随着迎角的增大,对横向特性的影响明显;有侧滑时,上表面b/a=0.75的机身和下表面b/a=0.25的机身对方向稳定性的影响最显著,尖锐侧缘比圆侧缘对方向稳定性有更大的影响.     

超声电喷推力器的驻波特性

为研究超声电喷推力器(UAET)驻波尺寸特性的相关变化规律,建立发射极液面的液体振动数值模型,并开展驻波尺寸测量试验对数值模型进行验证。对比驻波间距的测量值与计算值发现,两者在变化趋势上可认为一致,且计算误差在6.55%以内。在此基础上,利用数值模型对不同波源频率、振幅下的驻波相关参数进行计算。实验结果表明,随波源频率升高,驻波间距、高度以及半径均下降,其影响机制在于频率主要对波纹形成时间产生影响;而振幅的升高对间距几乎不产生影响,仅会导致驻波高度和半径升高,其影响机制在于振幅对波纹形成应力产生影响。