无线电高度表近地测高异常分析及改进

对于轮式起降无人机而言,起降阶段相对高度的准确性对无人机的飞行安全至关重要。针对高速无人机无线电高度表近地测高出现高度拾升和饱和现象,从无线电高度表测高机理出发,深入分析高度跳变的原因,针对问题现象,在不改变安装高度的前提下,提出一种低高度变增益的方法,降低高度饱和噪声的优化措施,有效提高了无线电高度表近地测高的稳定性。通过吊高试验及地面滑行试验表明,优化措施能合理有效解决高度表近地高度测量异常的问题。     

Bright band height assignment with precipitation radar data based on multi-resolution analysis (MRA) of wavelet analysis

A method for reconstruction of cross-section of rainfall situations with precipitation radar data based on wavelet analysis of multi-resolution analysis (MRA) which allows extract a peak of the radar reflectivity is proposed in order to detect bright band height. It is found that the bright band height can be estimated by using the MRA with the basis of Daubechies wavelet family. It is also found that the boundaries in rainfall structure can be clearly extracted with MRA.     

An update global model of hmF2 from values estimated from ionosonde and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation

In this paper, we present our recent work on developing an updated global model of the ionospheric F2 peak height hmF2 parameter by combining data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) radio occultation (RO) measurements and from the extended global ionosonde stations. In particular, 10 Chinese ionosonde stations’ data are newly introduced into this study. The modeling technique used is based on a two-layer empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion. Global distributions of hmF2 maps calculated using the newly constructed global model and the one provided by the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-ITU-R) are compared with the global distributions of hmF2 obtained by the COSMIC RO measurements and quantitative statistical analysis of the differences between the model results and those of the COSMIC RO measurements is made for the low (2008) and high (2012) solar activity years. The obtained average root-mean-square differences (RMSEs) for our model are 27.7 km (11.1%) and 31.0 km (9.8%), respectively for the years 2008 and 2012, whereas those for the IRI-ITU-R model are 39.9 km (16.9%) and 35.0 km (11.6%), respectively. Comparison of the results calculated both by our model and the IRI-ITU-R model with the digisonde observation is also made. The comparisons show that the newly constructed global hmF2 model can reproduce reasonably well the observations and perform better than IRI-ITU-R model.     

微型飞行器高度估计的最小二乘法

对微型飞行器高度估计问题,提出了基于针孔成像的最小二乘法。利用惯性器件测量的姿态角,建立了目标在2帧图像的4个投影方程,得到目标相对高度的最小二乘解。对该方法进行了仿真验证,结果表明当飞行器横滚角变化不大时,高度估计对姿态角误差具有较好的鲁棒性,误差在2 m以内,优于传统方法。该方法计算量小,适合微型飞行器平稳飞行时应用。     

Effects of solar activity variations on the low latitude topside nighttime ionosphere

We have studied the topside nighttime ionosphere of the low latitude region using data obtained from DMSP F15, ROCSAT-1, KOMPSAT-1, and GUVI on the TIMED satellite for the period of 2000–2004, during which solar activity decreased from its maximum. As these satellites operated at different altitudes, we were able to discriminate altitude dependence of several key ionospheric parameters on the level of solar activity. For example, with intensifying solar activity, electron density was seen to increase more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes, implying that the corresponding scale height also increased. The density increased without saturation at all observed altitudes when plotted against solar EUV flux instead of F10.7. The results of the present study, as compared with those of previous studies for lower altitudes, indicate that topside vertical scale height increases with altitude and that, when solar activity increases, topside vertical scale height increases more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes. Temperature also increased more rapidly at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes as solar activity increased. In addition, the height of the F2 peak was seen to increase with increasing solar activity, along with the oxygen ion fraction measured above the F2 peak. These results confirm that the topside ionosphere rises and expands with increasing solar activity.     

经济型微机电台阶测量仪的研究

针对微机电系统(MEMS)中微小器件的表面刻蚀沟槽及台阶的测量,研制采用步进电机运动平台和微力电感测头,用变截面片簧作回转运动的测头支撑机构,对运动平台存在的偏心作用力和振动噪声问题做了分析和研究,提出了有效的解决方案。     

Global empirical models of the density peak height and of the equivalent scale height for quiet conditions

Monthly average electron density profiles have been calculated from hourly electron density N(h) recorded in 26 digisonde stations distributed worldwide encompassing the time interval 1998–2006. The ionospheric electron density peak height of the F2 region, hmF2, and the effective scale height at the hmF2, Hm, deduced from average profiles have been analyzed to obtain the quiet-time behavior and have been analytically modeled by the spherical harmonic analysis (SH) technique using the modip latitude as the coordinate of the reference system. The coefficients of the SH models of hmF2 and Hm are bounded to the solar activity, and the temporal and seasonal variations are considered by Fourier expansion of the coefficients. The SH models provide a tool to predict hmF2 and Hm located anywhere in the range of latitudes between of 70°N and 70°S and at any time. The SH analytical model for hmF2 improves the fit to the observations by 10% in average compared to the IRI prediction, and it might improve the IRI prediction of hmF2 by more than 30% at high and low latitudes. The analytical model for Hm predicts the quiet behavior of the effective scale height with accuracy better than 15% in average which enables to obtain a good estimation of vertical profiles. These results could be useful to estimate information for the topside profile formulation.     

载人月面着陆及起飞技术初步研究

载人登月任务中最具特色的就是载人月面着陆及起飞过程,其技术体系丰富,是影响载人登月任务成败的关键环节。文章详细分析了载人月面着陆及起飞阶段的飞行方案,阐述了载人任务与无人任务设计准则上的区别,剖析了载人月面着陆及起飞技术的内涵。此外重点分析了低温推进剂蒸发量控制技术、10∶1深度变推力液体发动机技术、发动机推力矢量控制技术、大承载着陆缓冲技术、发动机羽流导流与防护技术、月尘清除及防护技术等六项与载人登月舱推进系统和结构系统相关的关键技术,分析提出了相应的技术途径和解决方案,对深入认识载人登月飞行器系统的技术体系及技术难度具有重要意义。     

“嫦娥二号”卫星CCD立体相机的关键技术

文章介绍了中国两次绕月探测中 CCD 立体相机所采用的技术与创新,并与国际同类相机所获取的图像进行了比较;在此基础上详细介绍了“嫦娥二号”(CE-2)卫星CCD立体相机的综合创新集成技术--“单镜头两视角同轨立体成像、时间延迟积分图像传感器（TDICCD）推扫、速高比补偿”,并从工程目标与科学目标出发进行探测灵敏度及成像动态范围的需求分析;根据需求分析确定了总体技术方案,包括光、机、电的优化设计以及对月探测中首次采用TDICCD的技术困难与对策;特别讨论了速高比补偿的方案及实施途径,并进行了在轨试验验证。文章最后分别给出了虹湾地区成像分辨率为1.3m以及全月面分辨率为7m 的代表性图像,图像清晰、层次丰富,显示出中国在对月立体成像技术上取得了显著进步。     

巡航导弹飞行撞地概率的一种计算方法

研究了巡航导弹飞行高度控制系统对应的高度控制误差和地形起伏误差,在综合这两种误差的基础上,提供了一种飞行撞地概率的计算方法,并给出了飞行高度与之对应的撞地概率计算实例。计算和分析得出,参考航迹高度取现行标准值的某型巡航导弹撞地概率太大,需通过减小高度探测控制系统的误差或者增大参考航迹的规划高度来降低撞地概率。