两种升降回转定位装置的设计

介绍了功能完全相同、结构不同的两种升降回转定位装置的设计实例,讨论了两种设计结构各自的特点。两种结构分别命名为框架式结构和中空柱式结构,框架式结构以标准直线光轴为结构件主体和导向部件,优点是加工装配方便,适用于行程短,负载小,结构轻巧,预算成本小的场合;中空柱式结构以结构用无缝钢管为结构件主体,优点是结构刚性和导向稳定性好,适用于行程长、负载大、结构紧凑、预算成本大的场合。     

不同肋间距变截面回转通道内的流阻和换热特性

实验选取航空发动机涡轮叶片中段内部冷却通道为研究对象,对横肋变截面回转通道内不同肋间距的气流流动阻力和换热特性进行了实验研究。通道进口雷诺数在7000到60000范围内。实验结果表明,随着雷诺数的增加,不同节距比通道阻力系数降低;不同节距比对通道阻力系数和通道平均努塞数的影响呈多峰分布。      

煤油射流在超声速燃烧室中的实验研究

在超声速燃烧室中分别采用气泡雾化煤油与纯煤油射流进行实验，研究不同情况对燃料的雾化和贯穿深度的影响。实验选用纹影法记录实验段图像，拍摄了不同注射压强条件下燃料有无气泡雾化的流场照片，对时间平均流场和瞬态流场分别进行记录。实验结果表明：气泡雾化的确明显地提高了液体燃料的雾化程度，但对贯穿深度没有显著的影响，提高贯穿深度的有效方法是增加射流压强。     

Exploring the potential of Sentinel-3 delay Doppler altimetry for enhanced detection of coastal currents along the Northwest Atlantic shelf

In this study, we evaluate Sentinel-3A satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter observations along the Northwest Atlantic coast, spanning the Nova Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine, and Mid-Atlantic Bight. Comparisons are made of altimeter sea surface height (SSH) measurements from three different altimeter data processing approaches: fully-focused synthetic aperture radar (FFSAR), un-focused SAR (UFSAR), and conventional low-resolution mode (LRM). Results show that fully-focused SAR data always outperform LRM data and are comparable or slightly better than the nominal un-focused SAR product. SSH measurement noise in both SAR-mode datasets is significantly reduced compared to LRM. FFSAR SSH 20-Hz noise levels, derived from 80-Hz FFSAR data, are lower than 20-Hz UFSAR SSH with 25% noise reduction offshore of 5 km, and 55–70% within 5 km of the coast. The offshore noise improvement is most likely due to the higher native along-track data posting rate (80 Hz for FFSAR, and 20 Hz for UFSAR), while the large coastal improvement indicates an apparent FFSAR data processing advantage approaching the coastlines. FFSAR-derived geostrophic ocean current estimates exhibit the lowest bias and noise when compared to in situ buoy-measured currents. Assessment at short spatial scales of 5–20 km reveals that Sentinel-3A SAR data provide sharper and more realistic measurement of small-scale sea surface slopes associated with expected nearshore coastal currents and small-scale gyre features that are much less well resolved in conventional altimetric LRM data.     

空间综合材料科学实验装置的设计与实现

为了满足各种材料在空间进行科学实验的目的,设计了能在空间长期工作的综合材料科学实验装置。文章详细介绍了该装置中的样品提拉机构、样品夹具结构和人机工效学的设计过程。实验结果验证了设计理论和方法的可行性和实用性;实验装置运行平稳、可靠,实验样品完整、无损伤。该装置首次实现了多批次样品的管理和更换功能以及在轨人工参与操作功能。     

发射场地面发射支持系统数字孪生架构及应用

针对航天发射场地面支持系统远程监测诊断、智能维护保养和自主决策控制等应用需求,提出了面向地面发射支持系统的数字孪生参考架构,提炼了实现数字孪生的关键技术。结合我国首型固液捆绑运载火箭塔式吊装对接工作,开发了基于参考架构的运载火箭塔式吊装对接仿真平台。经实际运行考核,该平台基于虚实空间交互映射和实时动力学仿真,通过丰富吊装场景监控信息,能够提高吊装对接工作的安全性和效率;同时,验证了数字孪生参考架构设计的合理性及技术路线的可行性。     

Influence of coupled characteristics on the internally-staged combustor under low-power operation

An ultra low emissions combustor, namely low emission stirred swirl (LESS) combustor was studied, based on a scheme of internally staged/lean premixed and prevaporized (LPP) combustion. The LESS combustor consists of central pilot stage and outer surrounded coaxially main stage, between which there exists a physical isolation, namely the step height. The existence of step height delayed the pilot and main jets mixing. Experimental and numerical studies were carried out to investigate the influence of the step height on the combustion performance. A single dome rectangular combustor was utilized to conduct the lean lightoff and blowout experiments, and pollutant emission experiments. The experimental results showed that with the increase of step height by 38%, the lean lightoff and blowout fuel air ratio decreased by 574% and 375%, the NOx emission increased by 35.1%, and the combustion efficiency increased by 1.78%; while the CO,unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) emissions decreased. Furthermore, the total pressure loss was kept nearly constant. Non reacting and reacting flow fields were numerically investigated to analyze the coupled characteristics of pilot and main jets with different step heights. A comparison of flow characteristics, spray structure, and combustion component as well as temperature field with different step heights was conducted. The numerical results showed that the increase of the step height shifted the peak velocity outwards. The enlargement of the primary recirculation zone (PRZ) resulted in the increase of the combustion efficiency and NOx emission, while the CO, UHC emissions decreeased.      

航空发动机薄壁W形封严环动模外压成形

液压成形是复杂薄壁零件制造的一种有效方法。针对某航空发动机的薄壁高温合金W形封严环构件,提出动模外压成形方法,并建立了有限元模型。基于数值模拟和工艺实验,分析了不同成形阶段的变形规律和压缩失稳的控制机理,在此基础上研究了毛坯成形区高度和型腔液压加载路径等关键工艺参数对零件成形结果的影响,探讨了成形过程中环向失稳起皱、型面不对称、材料堆叠等失效形式,提出了优化的参数。结果表明,提出的工艺方法可实现W形封严环的整体精确成形,采用优化的毛坯成形区高度和液压加载路径可获得成形精度较高、表面平滑无褶皱的试件。     

雷诺数对涡轮叶尖流场影响的数值研究

采用基于压力修正的三维计算流体力学程序，结合雷诺应力湍流模型和剪切应力传输湍流模型加壁面函数的方法，对某一轴流涡轮转子叶尖间隙流场进行了数值计算研究，详细计算了不同涡轮叶尖间隙高度和来流湍流度条件下雷诺数对涡轮转子间隙流场的影响，最后计算了转子效率。结果表明：当泄漏流流经叶尖时因为叶尖剪切力做功有块总压增大区；雷诺数带来的影响比湍流度和叶尖间隙高度带来的影响要大，湍流度的变化对流场影响不大；雷诺数对泄漏涡尺寸的影响不大，但低雷诺数会引起流动分离，带来损失，当雷诺数在文中的范围内变化时，效率下降近八个百分点。     

接力喷嘴不同径向高度和方位角对加力燃烧室 热射流点火性能的影响

为了研究不同热射流点火状态下的燃烧性能,针对采用波瓣混合器的某型航空发动机加力燃烧室,基于N-S方程建立了3维数值计算模型,得到了接力喷嘴径向高度和方位角对加力燃烧室流场、燃烧特性和流阻特性的影响规律。结果表明:随着径向高度增加,热射流火焰传播距离逐渐减小,传播到稳定器下游区域从内涵逐渐向外涵移动,且稳定器壁面高温分布区域逐渐减小;随着方位角增大,热射流火焰径向穿透深度逐渐增大,且稳定器壁面高温区域逐渐减小,在方位角α=0°和α=5°时稳定器壁温最高,为1450 K左右;在加力燃烧室出口截面上,径向高度和方位角对无量纲总压影响不大,整体小于0.005。