High-performance altimeter Doppler processing for measuring sea level height under varying sea state conditions

This paper describes an innovative method for processing nadir altimeter data acquired in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, enhancing the system performances over open ocean. Similarly to the current SAR data processing scheme, the so-called LR-RMC (Low Resolution with Range Migration Correction) method, originally designed by Phalippou and Demeester (2011), includes Doppler beam forming, Doppler shift correction and range correction. In LR-RMC, however, an alternative and less complex averaging (stacking) operation is used so that all the Doppler beams produced in a radar cycle (4 bursts of 64 beams for the open-burst Sentinel-3-mode altimeter) are incoherently combined to form a multi-beam echo. In that manner, contrarily to the narrow-band SAR technique, the LR-RMC processing enlarges the effective footprint to average out the effects of surface waves and particularly those from small sub-mesoscale structures (<1 km) that are known to impact SAR-mode performances. On the other hand, the number of averaged beams is as high as in current SAR-mode processing, thus providing a noise reduction at least equally good. The LR-RMC method has the added benefit of reducing the incoherent integration time with respect to the SAR-mode processing (50 ms compared to 2.5 s) limiting possible surface movement effects. By processing one year of Sentinel-3A SRAL SAR-mode data using the LR-RMC method, it is shown that the swell impact on the SAR altimeter performances is totally removed and that an improvement of 10–50% is obtained in the measurement noise of the sea surface height and significant wave height with respect to SAR mode. Additionally, observational capabilities over the middle scales are enhanced potentially allowing the ocean mesoscale features to be retrieved and observations assimilated more usefully in ocean models.     

小数偏差产品质量评估及固定性能分析

为了评估不同小数偏差产品的数据质量和模糊度固定效果，比较了2016年全年的SGG FCB产品和CNES产品，结果表明两种产品具有很高的一致性，SGG FCB产品的数据完整性更好。应用两种产品进行精密单点定位(PPP)固定解的静态结果平面位置精度可以达到1 cm以内，高程位置精度可以达到1~2 cm，采用两种产品获得的PPP模糊度固定率十分接近，动态模式下处理静态数据的位置结果可以达到平面2~3 cm，高程5 cm以内的精度，两组固定解的位置误差结果差异不超过5 mm，模糊度固定成功率分别为92.37%和92.14%，两种小数偏差产品在23分钟左右完成首次固定，能够有效提高PPP的收敛速度。使用两种小数偏差产品得到的机载动态数据结果也非常相近。     

基于相位差的转轴扭矩测量中的零位识别与处理

提出了一种基于相位差原理的转轴扭矩测量中的零位识别与处理方法。采用两路反射式模拟输出激光光强传感器和对应的反射色带，形成两路标准的正弦信号，通过同步采样和幅度归一化处理，得到两路信号的瞬时相位差，并依此实现对转轴扭矩载荷的测试，克服了以往基于脉冲信号测量中无法在静态条件下进行零位校正的困难。对该系统实现的关键技术和参数进行了分析，通过模拟信号输入和标准扭转试验台验证了本文所提出的方法的应用效果。理论和实验结果表明，该方法不需要转轴转动，就可以准确识别其零位，从而大大降低了该技术在现场使用中的调校要求。     

中英颜色隐喻“白/white”的对比

对中英两种语言及其文化进行深入地对比研究,发现两种语言中颜色隐喻的异同,为英语学习者在学习颜色同时提供一定的借鉴。     

A robust solution for hesitate phenomenon in pick up process of aerospace electromagnetic relay

As for aerospace electromagnetic relay (AEMR) which is of small batches and having difficulty in automatic production, the uncertainty phenomenon is remarkable due to excessive manual work involved in the assembly and adjustment processes. This kind of uncertainty may increase the coil voltage difference (CVD) caused by hesitate phenomenon in the pick up process of AEMR. Taking a certain type of AEMR for example, the CVD problem in the actual producing process has been studied in this paper. The primary cause of this issue, two-steps of armature motion (namely hesitate phenomenon) in the pick up process, has been found by analyzing the matching characteristics of electromagnetic and mechanical torques of AEMR. Through the optimization of the matching characteristics, the two-steps of armature motion problem is solved by robust design of the return reed which is a key part of AEMR. The validity of this research has been proved by the comparison of characteristics of AMER before and after the optimization.     

文化差异对英文翻译的影响——《红楼梦》两个英译本的对比

主要从翻译与文化之间关系的角度出发,对《红楼梦》的两个英译本选取部分例子进行对比,分析在词义选定、亲属称谓、宗教文化等方面所折射出的文化差异以及传递出的不同文化信息,并且指出文化差异对翻译造成的影响,以及译者在翻译过程中所采取的不同处理方法。     

风雪运动数值模拟中自保持平衡边界条件研究

在目前风场自保持性研究的基础上,结合等效物理粗糙高度,给出一类近似满足自保持性的用于风雪运动数值模拟的边界条件.首先结合低温风洞实验室的风雪实验数据,把文献的方法应用于风雪运动数值模拟中.经对比验算发现,文献的方法应用于风雪数值模拟中不能很好满足自保持性.为了进一步满足自保持性要求,引入等效物理粗糙高度,建立起雪跃移高度与等效物理粗糙高度的关系.结果表明:通过引入等效物理粗糙高度,边界条件的自保持特性得到了进一步的提高.最后对该方法的应用进行了推广验证.     

基于高阶谱差分的扑翼面运动学数值优化(英文)

基于高阶谱差分(SD)格式的高成本效益的优化方法被用以优化扑翼面的运动学,从而达到最大推进效率。具体来说,基于梯度的优化算法与高阶谱差分的纳维-斯托克斯流动求解器被耦合用以研究一系列NACA对称翼型的最优运动学。在此研究中,翼型做沉标和俯仰运动。数值优化在粗网格上进行。得到最优解后,在密网格上用高阶SD求解器捕获处于最优运动学状态下扑翼面的详细涡结构。提出的数值优化框架被用以研究翼型厚度,雷诺数和俯仰中心位置对最佳巡航飞行的影响。通过研究相关流场,气动力以及等效攻角(AOA)的变化,我们解释了与最佳扑翼面运动相关的流动物理特性。     

基于频移递推的机载单站无源测距

在机载站飞行方向前方某一距离处的多普勒频移能够通过递推计算的方法由站点当前位置处的相位测量结果而被直接确定。进一步利用频移和角度之间的变换,由多普勒频移的虚拟递推值即可求得载机飞行路线前方虚拟距离处的目标方位,由此就可在机载单站平台上通过三角定位法,实现仅基于相差测量的无源测距。