铝合金2A12在热冲击条件下的力学性能

测试并确定航空航天材料在复杂高速热冲击条件下的强度极限等关键参数,对于航空航天材料和结构的可靠性评定、寿命预测以及高速飞行器的安全设计具有重要的意义.针对强度设计手册中没有航空航天材料在高速热冲击环境下的强度极限等表征参数的现状,使用自行研制的高速飞行器瞬态气动热试验模拟系统,对铝合金材料2A12在多种不同的瞬态热冲击条件下,进行气动加热模拟与热载联合试验研究,得到在瞬态热、力学环境的共同作用下铝合金2A12材料的强度极限等力学性能变化状况.为研究分析航空航天材料和结构在高速热冲击环境下的承载能力和结构减重提供可靠依据.      

航空发动机地面进气加温试验

为了模拟发动机进气加温试验,开展了发动机地面试车台进气加温试验研究,设计了一套合理的进气加温设备,并提出 了进气加温试验测试方案和试验方法。结果表明：在108.88 ℃进气温度下,高温区角度为180°,高温区主要分布在0°和180°位置, 低温区分布在90°和270°位置,隔开了连续高温区,高温区平均温度和面平均温度差值较小,温度周向不均匀度为0.43%,温度分 布均匀,不存在强烈温度畸变情况;在进气温度从94.82 ℃上升至108.88 ℃时用时80 s,高温区温升率为0.18 ℃/s,时间域内的温度 畸变较小,裕度损失小,温场无旋转,高温区分布和周向温度不均匀度均不随时间变化产生明显改变;在进气温度从65.34 ℃升至 108.88 ℃时,周向分布保持均匀,建立了面平均温度、高温区面平均温度的线性关系。获得了台架温场均值与发动机控制系统采 集进气温度的关系。     

红外加热笼覆盖系数对热流均匀性的影响研究

通过设定红外加热笼与卫星表面之间不同距离,改变加热笼的覆盖系数,仿真模拟了卫星表面到达热流的分布,研究了加热笼的覆盖系数对卫星表面到达热流密度均匀性的影响,分析结果表明：当加热笼距离卫星表面100mm以上,选取覆盖系数大于0．06的加热笼,即可满足到达卫星表面热流的均匀性要求。     

Transitional wave configurations between Type III and Type IV oblique-shock/bow-shock interactions

The interactions of oblique/bow shock waves are the key flow phenomena restricting the design and aerothermodynamic performance of high-speed vehicles. Type III and Type IV Shock/Shock Interactions(SSIs) have been extensively investigated, as such interactions can induce abnormal aerodynamic heating problems in hypersonic flows of vehicles. The transition process between these two distinct types of shock/shock interactions remains unclear. In the present study, a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration is revealed and defined as Type IIIa. Type IIIa interaction can induce much more severe aerodynamic heating than a Type IV interaction which was ever reported to be the most serious in literature. The intense aerodynamic heating observed in this configuration highlights a new design point for the thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles. A secondary Mach interaction between shock waves in the supersonic flow path of a Type III configuration is demonstrated to be the primary mechanism for such a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration.     

固液捆绑火箭热振防护涂层及其防热性能评价

固液捆绑火箭的高温喷焰、固体粒子冲蚀和随机振动相互耦合，对火箭尾部结构造成恶劣的“热振”环境。本文自主研发一种短切碳纤维增强甲基硅橡胶复合烧蚀涂层用于抵抗热振环境。首先，通过廉价的甲基硅橡胶取代昂贵的苯基硅橡胶作为成膜剂从而较大程度降低成本;其次，采用60%孔隙率和80 MPa抗压强度的氧化锆陶瓷微球补强隔热层，引入高比表面积的螺旋状陶瓷纤维强化增韧烧蚀层，利用近红外波段发射率为0.85的MoSi2弥合辐射层的裂纹。经地面热振试验对比分析显示，提出的热振涂层试片背温较主流烧蚀涂层降低约45 ℃，质量烧蚀率降低约38.5%，经过长征六号甲运载火箭的首飞试验验证，该热振涂层具有良好的热振防护性能。     

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

Aspects related to variability of radiative cooling by NO in lower thermosphere,TEC and O/N2 correlation,and diffusion of NO into mesosphere during the Halloween storms

Nitric Oxide is a very important trace species which plays a significant role acting as a natural thermostat in Earth’s thermosphere during strong geomagnetic activity. In this paper, we present various aspects related to the variation in the NO Infrared radiative flux (IRF) exiting the thermosphere by utilizing the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/ Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) observational data during the Halloween storm which occurred in late October 2003. The Halloween storm comprised of three intense-geomagnetic storms. The variability of NO infrared flux during these storm events and its connection to the strength of the geomagnetic storms were found to be different in contrast to similar super storms. The connection between the quantum of energy outflux from the upper atmosphere into space in terms of NO IRF and the duration of storms is established. The NO radiative cooling, and the closely correlated depletion in O/N₂ ratio are controlled by the Joule heating intensity (proxied by AE-index). The collisional excitation rate of NO, calculated using the modelled datasets of WACCM-X (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension), correlates well with the observed pattern of radiative emission by NO. Observational datasets from TIMED/GUVI (Global Ultra-Violet Imager) and MIT Haystack observatory madrigal GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) total electron content (TEC) database shows that the TEC and O/N₂ enhancement in low-mid northern hemispheric latitudes are mainly controlled by the z-component of Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-B_z). The penetration of eastward electric field during the storm events is found to be responsible for the overall enhancement of TEC. The contribution of enhanced day-side TEC in observed variation of O/N₂ ratio by GUVI is also reported. It is also seen that during substorms related events the night-time polar region experiences more cooling due to NO than the daytime polar region. The connections between the mid- and low-latitude enhancement in NO IRF with the propagation of LSTIDs (Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances) in combination with the O/N₂ variability, and the altitudinal variation in NO flux with the progression of the storm is also investigated. This study presents the evidence on the role of diffusion processes in the large scale enhancement of NO in the mesospheric altitudes.     

基于电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热特性试验研究

分流环表面换热特性对提升防冰设计效能至关重要。针对传统热气防冰方案中试验件与试验方案系统复杂、成本高昂等问题，本文提出了一种新型电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热系数的试验方法。根据能量守恒定律，推导出分流环表面换热系数理论公式。试验研究了不同俯仰角、速度、液态水含量（Liqid water content,LWC）以及水滴中位体积直径（Median volumetric diameter, MVD）等对分流环表面换热特性的影响。试验结果表明：前缘区域换热系数随俯仰角先增大后降低，25°俯仰角是明显的转折点；相同喷雾条件下的前缘区域、下表面区域的平均换热系数约是干空气条件下的3倍；分流环前缘的换热系数明显大于上、下表面的换热系数。