基于混水原理的供热系统节能分析

混水供热对供热运行有很好的调节作用,并逐渐被更多的供热运行自动控制系统所采用。对某分流混水供热自动控制系统进行了分析,指出了分流混水方式的弊端。提出了采用回流混水供热方式可以更有效地进行供热调节和节能降耗,并且具有响应快和准确度高等优点;同时对回流混水供热进行了节能分析、定量计算以及水温控制方程推导等。     

Transitional wave configurations between Type III and Type IV oblique-shock/bow-shock interactions

The interactions of oblique/bow shock waves are the key flow phenomena restricting the design and aerothermodynamic performance of high-speed vehicles. Type III and Type IV Shock/Shock Interactions(SSIs) have been extensively investigated, as such interactions can induce abnormal aerodynamic heating problems in hypersonic flows of vehicles. The transition process between these two distinct types of shock/shock interactions remains unclear. In the present study, a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration is revealed and defined as Type IIIa. Type IIIa interaction can induce much more severe aerodynamic heating than a Type IV interaction which was ever reported to be the most serious in literature. The intense aerodynamic heating observed in this configuration highlights a new design point for the thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles. A secondary Mach interaction between shock waves in the supersonic flow path of a Type III configuration is demonstrated to be the primary mechanism for such a subclass of shock/shock interaction configuration.     

固液捆绑火箭热振防护涂层及其防热性能评价

固液捆绑火箭的高温喷焰、固体粒子冲蚀和随机振动相互耦合，对火箭尾部结构造成恶劣的“热振”环境。本文自主研发一种短切碳纤维增强甲基硅橡胶复合烧蚀涂层用于抵抗热振环境。首先，通过廉价的甲基硅橡胶取代昂贵的苯基硅橡胶作为成膜剂从而较大程度降低成本;其次，采用60%孔隙率和80 MPa抗压强度的氧化锆陶瓷微球补强隔热层，引入高比表面积的螺旋状陶瓷纤维强化增韧烧蚀层，利用近红外波段发射率为0.85的MoSi2弥合辐射层的裂纹。经地面热振试验对比分析显示，提出的热振涂层试片背温较主流烧蚀涂层降低约45 ℃，质量烧蚀率降低约38.5%，经过长征六号甲运载火箭的首飞试验验证，该热振涂层具有良好的热振防护性能。     

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

Aspects related to variability of radiative cooling by NO in lower thermosphere,TEC and O/N2 correlation,and diffusion of NO into mesosphere during the Halloween storms

Nitric Oxide is a very important trace species which plays a significant role acting as a natural thermostat in Earth’s thermosphere during strong geomagnetic activity. In this paper, we present various aspects related to the variation in the NO Infrared radiative flux (IRF) exiting the thermosphere by utilizing the TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/ Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) observational data during the Halloween storm which occurred in late October 2003. The Halloween storm comprised of three intense-geomagnetic storms. The variability of NO infrared flux during these storm events and its connection to the strength of the geomagnetic storms were found to be different in contrast to similar super storms. The connection between the quantum of energy outflux from the upper atmosphere into space in terms of NO IRF and the duration of storms is established. The NO radiative cooling, and the closely correlated depletion in O/N₂ ratio are controlled by the Joule heating intensity (proxied by AE-index). The collisional excitation rate of NO, calculated using the modelled datasets of WACCM-X (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension), correlates well with the observed pattern of radiative emission by NO. Observational datasets from TIMED/GUVI (Global Ultra-Violet Imager) and MIT Haystack observatory madrigal GNSS (Global navigation satellite system) total electron content (TEC) database shows that the TEC and O/N₂ enhancement in low-mid northern hemispheric latitudes are mainly controlled by the z-component of Interplanetary magnetic field (IMF-B_z). The penetration of eastward electric field during the storm events is found to be responsible for the overall enhancement of TEC. The contribution of enhanced day-side TEC in observed variation of O/N₂ ratio by GUVI is also reported. It is also seen that during substorms related events the night-time polar region experiences more cooling due to NO than the daytime polar region. The connections between the mid- and low-latitude enhancement in NO IRF with the propagation of LSTIDs (Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances) in combination with the O/N₂ variability, and the altitudinal variation in NO flux with the progression of the storm is also investigated. This study presents the evidence on the role of diffusion processes in the large scale enhancement of NO in the mesospheric altitudes.     

考虑售后服务与回收加工的复杂设备部件生产库存控制模型

综合考虑了大型复杂设备生产厂家各种类型的部件来源与需求,构建了复杂设备部件生产库存控制模型。模型以费用作为目标,通过权衡生产成本、库存成本以及缺货成本,从而确定合理的部件生产库存控制策略。     

基于电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热特性试验研究

分流环表面换热特性对提升防冰设计效能至关重要。针对传统热气防冰方案中试验件与试验方案系统复杂、成本高昂等问题，本文提出了一种新型电加热膜防冰设计方案的分流环表面换热系数的试验方法。根据能量守恒定律，推导出分流环表面换热系数理论公式。试验研究了不同俯仰角、速度、液态水含量（Liqid water content,LWC）以及水滴中位体积直径（Median volumetric diameter, MVD）等对分流环表面换热特性的影响。试验结果表明：前缘区域换热系数随俯仰角先增大后降低，25°俯仰角是明显的转折点；相同喷雾条件下的前缘区域、下表面区域的平均换热系数约是干空气条件下的3倍；分流环前缘的换热系数明显大于上、下表面的换热系数。