Time variations of cosmic-ray helium isotopes with BESS-Polar I

The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) is configured with a solenoidal superconducting magnet and a suite of precision particle detectors, including time-of-flight hodoscopes based on plastic scintillators, a silica-aerogel Cherenkov detector, and a high resolution tracking system with a central jet-type drift chamber. The charges of incident particles are determined from energy losses in the scintillators. Their magnetic rigidities (momentum/charge) are measured by reconstructing each particle trajectory in the magnetic field, and their velocities are obtained by using the time-of-flight system. Together, these measurements can accurately identify helium isotopes among the incoming cosmic-ray helium nuclei up to energies in the GeV per nucleon region. The BESS-Polar I instrument flew for 8.5 days over Antarctica from December 13th to December 21st, 2004. Its long-duration flight and large geometric acceptance allow the time variations of isotopic fluxes to be studied for the first time. The time variations of helium isotope fluxes are presented here for rigidities from 1.2 to 2.5 GV and results are compared to previously reported proton data and neutron monitor data.     

Thermo-mechanical design and testing of a microbalance for space applications

This work focuses on the thermo-mechanical design of the microbalance used for the VISTA (Volatile In Situ Thermogravimetry Analyzer) sensor. VISTA has been designed to operate in situ in different space environments (asteroids, Mars, icy satellites). In this paper we focus on its application on Mars, where the expected environmental conditions are the most challenging for the thermo-mechanical design.     

A hybrid lattice Boltzmann flux solver for integrated hypersonic fluid-thermal-structural analysis

In this paper, a hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Flux Solver (LBFS) with an improved switch function is proposed for simulation of integrated hypersonic fluid-thermal-structural problems. In the solver, the macroscopic Navier–Stokes equations and structural heat transfer equation are discretized by the finite volume method, and the numerical fluxes at the cell interface are reconstructed by the local solution of the Boltzmann equation. To compute the numerical fluxes, two equilibrium distribution functions are introduced. One is the D1Q4 discrete velocity model for calculating the inviscid flux across the cell interface of Navier–Stokes equations, and the other is the D2Q4 model for evaluating the flux of structural energy equation. In this work, a new dual thermal resistance model is proposed to calculate the thermal properties at the fluid–solid interface. The accuracy and stability of the present hybrid solver are validated by simulating several numerical examples, including the fluid-thermal-structural problem of cylindrical leading edge. Numerical results show that the present solver can accurately predict the thermal properties of hypersonic fluid-thermal-structural problems and has the great potential for solving fluid-thermal-structural problems of long-endurance high-speed vehicles.     

热解气体燃烧对炭化复合材料烧蚀热响应影响规律

在近空间高超声速飞行器飞行时间长、马赫数不断增加的发展趋势下，热防护与轻量化的矛盾越来越突出。基于此，开展了热解气体燃烧对炭化复合材料表面烧蚀影响的相关数值模拟研究，并与风洞试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：热解气体的燃烧可降低炭化复合材料表面的烧蚀厚度，并且随着气动热的增加，热解气体燃烧对材料表面碳的保护作用越来越明显。研究成果可为下一代近空间高超声速飞行器热防护系统的优化设计提供技术支撑。     

Ni18%和0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti异种钢材电子束焊接工艺试验研究

对Ni18%和0Cr15Ni5Cu2Ti超高强度马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢异种钢材之间进行了电子束焊接工艺试验,就其工艺可焊性及接头性能、金相组织、焊缝质量、力学性能等开展研究,采用X-探伤、静载强度、金相观察、电镜扫描和能谱分析等检测手段对试件进行了分析并得出了相应结论。     

舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场数值模拟研究

倾转旋翼机是当前旋翼飞行器研究的热点,但有关舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场的研究还很少。以两栖攻击舰(LHA)和V-22"鱼鹰"倾转旋翼机为研究对象,基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程和SST k-ω湍流模型对舰载倾转旋翼机着舰域耦合流场进行数值模拟研究,并探讨了不同着舰高度时机/舰耦合流场的相互作用。结果表明:倾转旋翼尾流会与舰船脱落涡、甲板舷涡以及舰岛艉涡发生较强的"涡-涡干扰"现象,加大了耦合流场的湍流强度;舰船流场的低频非稳态特征会导致旋翼桨盘气动载荷发生显著的波动,不利于飞行操纵;垂直降落过程中,舰船甲板会形成"前低后高"的压力分布特征,倾转旋翼RMS气动载荷值也会明显增加,降低了着舰安全性,且右旋翼RMS气动载荷值比左旋翼平均大一倍以上,这也表明右旋翼面临着更加严峻的气动环境。     

空气流速和自热效应对湿度传感器测量准确度的影响

通过对多种典型型号湿度传感器在不同空气流速条件下对同一相对湿度测量结果的变化的实验研究,得出了0～1.5 m/s流速范围内湿度传感器的示值随流速的变化趋势,即示值随流速增大而增大,总变化量最大达2%RH以上,且变化主要发生0.5 m/s以下的低流速情况下,同时传感器表面温度随流速增大而降低,两者变化趋势相互吻合。进一步分析表明,上述现象是湿度传感器的自热效应和空气与传感器之间的对流换热效应共同作用的结果,它给湿度传感器的测量结果带来新增不确定度。     

具有周期性薄膜热源的多层介质非稳态传热数值仿真

为分析具有薄膜热源的多层介质非稳态传热问题,以某型飞机层合电加温风挡为例,构建了一种热流密度-温度边界条件,实现了薄膜热源热流和温度属性向多层介质内外两个方向上的实时传递,再现了薄膜热源温度对临近多层介质表面温度的影响,为具有薄膜热源的多层介质传热问题分析和加温控制规律设计提供了一种可行方法.     

县域土地利用与生态环境关系探讨

以福建省云霄县作为探讨案例，根据存在的生态环境问题，并结合土地利用现状，提出创建环境友好型土地利用模式、大力加强生态建设、加强区域环境整治力度三点建议，从而探讨县域土地利用与生态环境协调发展的可行性。     

倾斜轨道卫星活动天线热控特点分析

对某低轨倾斜圆轨道卫星的外热流环境进行了分析。用蒙特卡罗法计算了卫星六个表面的外热流。研究了该轨道条件下舱外活动天线热控特点,提出了该类卫星活动天线的热控设计原则和初步方案。